China Economic Times: (Tu Xinquan, Lu Jinyong): Accession to the WTO157733_7748

Lu Jinyong: Join the WTO1512363_12397

First, the w88 casino plays an increasingly important role in the allocation of resource factors and the determination of resource factor prices. The meaning of this is very important. Because the allocation of resource factors and the determination of resource factor prices are played by the w88 casino, it shows that the entire economy is developing in the direction of marketization, and the basic economic framework or foundation is determined by the w88 casino.

Second, my country’s entire price (including the price of goods and services) system, price system and price formation mechanism as well as price adjustment and fluctuation are basically formed based on the w88 casino. In other words, prices are formed based on supply and demand conditions, w88 casino conditions, competitive dynamics, and some special considerations of the state (some prices cannot be completely determined by the w88 casino, such as the prices of basic services, basic products, and the prices of services and goods with certain public welfare, and the state sometimes has some regulations).

Third, the basic framework and system of the entire w88 casino economy have been established. from1992After the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2016, my country officially began the construction of a w88 casino economy with Chinese characteristics. After several years of hard work, especially after joining the WTO1514342_14491

Fourth, we have also made great progress in corporate reform and corporate systems. Enterprises are the economic "cells" in the w88 casino economy. When enterprises are dynamic, the entire w88 casino economy is also dynamic. After years of hard work, foreign-invested enterprises in China basically operate according to the w88 casino, private private enterprises basically operate according to the w88 casino, and a considerable number of state-owned enterprises also operate according to the w88 casino.

Fifth, after joining the WTO, our country has established a new system of open economy. In accordance with international rules, our country has made adjustments to a large number of laws and regulations, implemented them, and complied with themWTORules. Joining the WTO means opening up to the outside world. Opening up to the outside world mainly means the opening up of the w88 casino and correspondingly the opening up of some industries. After joining the WTO1515800_159031515929_15982

Of course, my country’s w88 casino economy construction is “on the road”. Although some of the above achievements have been achieved, it is not the "end" yet. We still need to continue to advance in deepening reform, expanding opening up, reducing monopoly and protection, and transforming the way the government manages the economy.

Failure to recognize China’s w88 casino economy status will have a greater political impact than economic impact

China Economic Times: Why do the United States, Europe and Japan not recognize China’s market economy status? What are the main reasons? What impact will this have on China's opening up to the outside world, foreign w88 development and economic globalization?

Tu Xinquan: The United States, Europe and Japan do not recognize China’s w88 casino economy status, mainly for economic and political reasons, but based on legal excuses.

Economically, China joinsWTOFully mobilized the enthusiasm of governments at all levels, various types of enterprises and all workers, and relying on the more complete w88 casino economic system brought about by China's accession to the WTO, greatly improved the allocation and use efficiency of various resources, greatly released and utilized China's comparative advantages, and became a highly competitive producer in the world w88 casino. For related industries in the United States, the European Union and Japan, although they have also benefited from China's economic growth and w88 casino opening, competition from China still puts great pressure on them. especially200819052_19227

From a political point of view, the socialist w88 casino economy with Chinese characteristics is joining in the processWTOAfterwards, it has developed by leaps and bounds. However, from the perspective of the United States, Europe and Japan, this Chinese characteristic still means a huge difference in the system. State-owned enterprises still have a high proportion, and the government still has strong control over the economy. This is far from the free w88 casino economy and even the political system changes expected by the United States, Europe and Japan. This is also an important reason why Western governments and media have accused China of "state capitalism" in recent years. In this case, the recognition by the United States, Europe and Japan that China is a w88 casino economy country means that it has recognized the economic and political system with Chinese characteristics to a certain extent, and such recognition is obviously very difficult politically.

From a legal point of view, Article of the "Protocol on China's Accession to the WTO"15Article 20550_20571|Article 20550_20571|Article 20550_20571|15itemsd20625_20775

Lu Jinyong: The United States, Europe and Japan do not recognize China’s w88 casino economy status. For China, the political impact is greater than the economic impact.

From an economic perspective, the fact that the United States, Europe and Japan do not recognize China’s market economy status has little impact on China. Because our country’s current annual foreign w88 and exports are approximately2Trillion US dollars, affected by countervailing, anti-dumping, etc. every year is about100$100 million, no more than200billion US dollars, which is approximately 1% of the total w88 volume1％—2%. It may have a greater impact on individual companies, such as those that produce bicycles. The bicycle factory may be closed when encountering anti-dumping, which will have a huge impact. But overall, it has little impact on my country's export industry.

From a political perspective, it has a great impact. The United States, Europe and Japan believe that China is not yet a w88 casino economy country in the true sense. The first reason is that they are dissatisfied with my country's reform and opening up policies. They believe that the current policies are not further advancing in the direction of reform and opening up, and some are not as open as before. The second is the presentWTORules are established on the basis of market economy. The United States, Europe and Japan believe that China’s economy is not yet a pure market economy. Therefore, when engaging in w88, investment, and rule-making with the world, China does not have the confidence to speak. It has no conditions to lead the formulation of rules and has no influence. Third, when negotiating treaties and agreements related to China in the future, they can "raise the asking price."

The United States, Europe and Japan do not recognize China’s market economy status, which will have the following impacts on China’s opening to the outside world, foreign w88 development and economic globalization:

First, the impact on the development of foreign w88. During anti-dumping, substitute countries will also be found, which will affect every year100—200billion US dollars, the impact is not very big.

The second is the impact on opening up to the outside world. This may have some impact. my country's opening up to the outside world is divided into three categories. The first category is active opening up, which will not be affected. For example, my country has established free w88 pilot zones and actively opened up the financial industry and service industry. The second category is the openness of the agreement, which will be affected to some extent. The United States, Europe and Japan may "raise their asking prices," and my country may be somewhat passive. The third category is reciprocal opening, mainly in the field of international investment. Reciprocal opening focuses on international investment. This impact is not big. Therefore, the failure of the United States, Europe and Japan to recognize China's market economy status has an impact on China's opening up, mainly affecting China's openness by agreement.

The third is the impact on economic globalization. It can be said that it has little impact. Economic globalization has encountered some difficulties and twists and turns recently and is undergoing adjustments. The twists and turns are not caused by the United States, Europe and Japan not recognizing China's w88 casino economy status, but caused by economic globalization advancing too fast and unbalancedly. The development of economic globalization is also spiral and wave-like, with advances and retreats and adjustments. Therefore, it is normal for the current economic globalization to encounter a low ebb.

The "surrogate country" approach has lost its legal basis

China Economic Times: How should we look at it and how should we respond?

Luo Yuze: According to Article of the "Protocol on China's Accession to the WTO" (hereinafter referred to as the "Protocol")1527130_272102016Year12month11End on day.

Judging from the provisions, the "Protocol" does not completely deny China's "market economy status", that is, the industries where w88 disputes occur may have market-based pricing or may be non-market-based. If the market nature of the industry in which the goods under anti-dumping investigation are located is unclear, and the Chinese enterprise cannot prove that it meets market economy conditions, the initiator can use a surrogate country, and the pressure of proof is on China.

Judging from the practice of w88 disputes, this clause has been widely used and abused. On the one hand, all industries in China are often regarded as not meeting the conditions of market economy, and this is regarded as an inevitable prerequisite for initiating anti-dumping, which in fact denies China's market economy status; on the other hand, this clause is used as a "sword of wisdom" for some economies to initiate anti-dumping lawsuits against Chinese products, ignoring the objective market competitiveness of Chinese products, and using some countries that are not very comparable as substitute countries. This clause has caused China to become the country that has received the most anti-dumping and countervailing investigations for many years in a row. Chinese companies (including foreign-funded companies investing in China) and consumers in trading partner countries have suffered greatly.

passed1529203_29390

It is worth noting that there are still a small number of WTO members who regard this clause as a "big stick" to protect their own industries and are unwilling to let it go easily. After this clause expires and naturally terminates, if these members still insist on choosing a substitute country, Chinese companies will not have the obligation to unilaterally provide evidence, and the anti-dumping initiating country will have no logical basis and legal basis for initiating sanctions against China. Otherwise, it will violate the spirit of the contract and actually damage the seriousness and authority of the WTO Agreement. In the context of populism, isolationism and rampant w88 protectionism, there is still a high possibility that some economies will continue to adopt the surrogate country approach. We should do the following: First, actively move towardWTOAppeal, defend our legitimate rights and interestsWTOAuthority; the second is to strengthen andWTOWhile communicating with relevant members, we should do a good job in researching countermeasures and plans, relying on our own strength and strengthening international cooperation to punish violations of rules; third, we should advance domestic reforms step by step and do our own things well; fourth, we should actively participate in global governance and rule-making, continue to promote the construction of regional economic cooperation mechanisms, and accumulate positive energy.

Tu Xinquan: Although the issue of China's w88 casino economy status is to a large extent a political and economic issue, judging from the content of the "Protocol on China's Accession to the WTO", it does not require itWTOMembers recognize that China is a w88 casino economy country, but only require them to cancel the surrogate country practice in anti-dumping against China. In other words, canceling the practice of surrogate countries is an obligation under international law, while w88 casino economy status is only an accompanying issue of domestic law enforcement. For China, if its trading partners can recognize that China is a w88 casino economy country, it will naturally be grateful and appreciated. But if they are unwilling to admit it, we don’t have to care, because the construction of a socialist w88 casino economy with Chinese characteristics does not require the recognition of other countries. In fact, apart from the calculation method in anti-dumping, the concept of w88 casino economy status has no other substantive meaning. However, an alternative national approach is aWTOOther members must cancel the discriminatory practices under the system as scheduled and treat Chinese companies equally in the future. Therefore, resort toWTODispute resolution mechanism, safeguard yourself as aWTOThe legitimate rights and interests of members are the primary choice. On this point, the Chinese government has12month12We also firmly believe that our understanding of the terms of accession to the WTO is legally consistentWTORules, followed in spiritWTOPrincipled. But if individual members are inWTOIf you still refuse to correct your wrong practices after the ruling, then we have enough abilityWTOLet the other party pay the due price under the authorization of 31562_31580|.

Lu Jinyong: In this regard, the Ministry of Commerce has stated China’s attitude.

Of course, the United States, Europe and Japan have collectively spoken out and do not recognize China’s w88 casino economy status. We also need objective analysis. We do still have a lot to work on in terms of building and promoting a w88 casino economy. First, the government has too much direct intervention in the economy and controls too much, resulting in the w88 casino not being completely determined by w88 casino forces. Therefore, we must truly streamline administration and delegate power, allowing the w88 casino to play a decisive role. Second, my country's state-owned enterprises have a great influence, and they do not operate entirely according to the w88 casino. State-owned enterprises should be classified, and those that are purely commercial should be allowed to enter the w88 casino and compete fairly. Third, in many aspects, the w88 casino still cannot play a decisive role. There is a certain reason why the United States, Europe and Japan do not recognize China's w88 casino economy status. We must seriously change this and advance it seriously. From the perspective of the domestic economy, from the perspective of reform and opening up, future development, and from the perspective of allowing the w88 casino to play a decisive role in resource allocation, we need to summarize and analyze carefully to accelerate our reform, accelerate opening up, and accelerate the major propositions in which the w88 casino plays a decisive role.

Accession into the WTO1533544_33561

China Economic Times: China’s accession to the WTO15What profound impact will it have on the global economy? How to evaluate China's contribution to world economic growth?

Lu Jinyong: China’s accession to the WTO15, has had a profound impact on the global economy, which is reflected in its impact on the global economic model, economic pattern, economic scale and the entire w88 casino economic system.

First, the unified world w88 casino has been further consolidated and expanded. since15When China joined the WTO many years ago, the world w88 casino became more complete, more consolidated, and more expanded,WTOIt has also become more representative and has become the "World w88 Organization" in the true sense, thus makingWTOThe rules gained greater popularity. Second, as the largest developing country, China's accession to the WTO has enhanced the voice and status of developing countries in the WTO. Third, the entire world economic landscape has changed due to China's accession to the WTO and the rise of the Chinese economy. Join the WTO1535569_35717

China has made a great contribution to world economic growth. Currently, China’s economic aggregate ranks second among all countries. The contribution of China’s economy to world economic growth sometimes ranks second and sometimes ranks first.

The specific manifestations are as follows: First, our country has17000—18000Billion US dollars of imports have boosted the economic development of many countries. Second, my country invests a considerable amount overseas every year.2015year reached1400More than 100 million dollars. Many countries regard China's overseas investment as an important driving force for their own economic development. Third, while the foreign direct investment attracted by our country promotes China's economic development, it itself has grown and developed, which is also a contribution to the world economy. Fourth, my country's annual exports have reduced commodity prices in many countries, allowing many countries to obtain much-needed goods and services.

The main ways a country’s economy contributes to global economic growth are as follows: First, economic scale. The size of our country’s economy is approximately10—11Trillion US dollars, ranking second among countries. The second is the extroversion of the economy. China’s foreign w88 dependence is30About %, the total import and export is about4More than one trillion US dollars. It can be said that China's openness is relatively high, and its openness of capital and technology is not small. The third is the specific structure of the economy. Such as export, import, utilization of foreign capital, foreign investment, foreign aid, etc. It can be said that China's contribution to the world economy comes in many ways, and its contribution to the world economy is also growing. It is worthy of its name to rank second among countries, and China will definitely continue to improve in the future.

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