(Source: China Economic News Network 2016year12month26日）

Accession into the WTO15since years，China has made important progress in establishing a market economic system

China Economic Times: Joining the WTO15since years，What important progress has China made in establishing a market economic system？

Lu Jinyong: Join the WTO15since years，my country’s market economic system has made great progress。Mainly reflected in the following aspects。

First，In terms of the allocation of resource elements and the determination of resource element prices，The w88 mobile plays an increasingly important role。The meaning of this is very important。Because，The allocation of resource factors and the determination of resource factor prices are determined by the w88 mobile，Indicates that the entire economy is developing in the direction of marketization、The basic economic framework or foundation is determined by the w88 mobile。

Second，my country’s entire price (including the price of goods and services) system、Price system and price formation mechanism and price adjustment、Volatilities are basically formed based on the w88 mobile。In other words，The price is based on supply and demand、w88 mobile conditions、It is formed by the competitive situation and some special considerations of the country (some prices cannot be completely determined by the w88 mobile，For example, basic services、Basic product price，There are also prices for services and goods with certain public welfare properties，The state sometimes has some regulations)。

Third，The basic framework of the entire w88 mobile、The basic system has been established。from1992After the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，Our country has officially begun the construction of a market economy with Chinese characteristics。After several years of hard work，Especially after joining the WTO15since years，We have transformed the market economy system、The framework is basically established。This is not easy。Inside this framework，What does the government do、What does the market do、What does a company do、What common people do has a division of labor。Also，The management system of the entire country、The state’s macro-control system for the entire market, etc.，Including fiscal policy、Monetary Policy、Industrial Policy、We have basically established the big framework of where trade policy and other things will fit。

Fourth，In enterprise reform、Enterprise system，We have also made great progress。Enterprises are the economic “cells” in the market economy。The enterprise is dynamic，The entire market economy is dynamic。After these years of hard work，Enterprises established with foreign investment in China basically operate according to the market，Private private enterprises basically operate according to the market，A considerable number of state-owned w88 casinoenterprises also operate according to the market。

Fifth，After joining the WTO，Our country has built a new system of open economy。According to international rules，Our country has a large number of laws、Regulations have been adjusted，Execute、obeyWTORules。Accession to the WTO means opening up to the outside world，Opening up to the outside world is mainly about the opening of the market，Correspondingly, there are also opening up of some industries。After joining the WTO15Years of Development，The new institutional framework of my country’s entire open economic system has basically taken shape，Opening up to the outside world is no longer "a point" or "several points" or "a zone" like in the past (such as the coastal open zone、Yangtze River Belt、Yanbian Belt, etc.)，Instead, the whole country has built a new system of open economy。This is due to joining the WTO15since years，After deepening opening up，Use openness to push back、Promote domestic reform，It can be said，Accession to the WTO is a rebirth of China’s economy。

Of course，my country’s w88 mobile construction is “on the road”。Although some of the above achievements have been achieved，But it’s not the “end” yet，We still need to deepen reforms、Expanding opening、Reduce monopoly and protection、Continue to advance in transforming the way the government manages the economy。

Does not recognize China’s w88 mobile status，The impact on politics is greater than the impact on economics

China Economic Times: Why don’t the United States, Europe and Japan recognize China’s w88 mobile status，What are the main reasons？This will open up China to the outside world、What are the impacts of foreign trade development and economic globalization？

Tu Xinquan: The United States, Europe and Japan do not recognize China’s w88 mobile status，Mainly for economic and political reasons，But it is based on legal excuses。

Economically, China joinsWTOFully mobilized governments at all levels、The enthusiasm of various types of enterprises and all workers，And rely on the more complete market economic system brought about by joining the WTO，Greatly improved the allocation and use efficiency of various resources，Greatly unleash and utilize China’s comparative advantages，Become a highly competitive producer in the world market。And for the United States、In terms of related industries in the European Union and Japan，Although they also benefit from China’s economic growth and market opening，But competition from China still puts huge pressure on it。especially2008After the financial crisis，Developed countries generally fall into recession，The manufacturing industry faces serious difficulties，Even if the U.S. macro economy recovers，But the relative decline of the manufacturing industry is still inevitable。These all make its domestic industries hope to use anti-dumping and other trade restrictions to resist competition from China，For example, the steel industry is a typical example。China’s non-w88 mobile status and corresponding “substitute country” practices can greatly facilitate its use of anti-dumping to attack China’s competitors，The possibility of increasing its anti-dumping duties and identifying the existence of anti-dumping。

Politically speaking，The socialist w88 mobile with Chinese characteristics is joining inWTOhas developed by leaps and bounds，But from the perspective of the United States, Europe and Japan，This Chinese characteristic still means a huge difference in the system，State-owned enterprises still have a high proportion，The government still has strong control over the economy。This is far from the free market economy and even political system changes expected by the United States, Europe and Japan，This is also an important reason why Western governments and media have accused China of "state capitalism" in recent years。In this case，The United States, Europe and Japan recognize that China is a market economy country, which means that they recognize the economic and political system with Chinese characteristics to a certain extent，And this kind of recognition is obviously very difficult politically。

From a legal point of view, Article of the "Protocol on China's Accession to the WTO"15Article 21340_2135915itemsdExplanation of paragraph，There are still different expressions。This is partly due to certain ambiguities in the formulation of the legal text，But more importantly，The United States, Europe and Japan deliberately interpret the text from a negative perspective，Essentially, it is a lack of willingness to fully perform obligations，The legal omission is just an excuse。Even if the legal text is seamless，The United States, Europe and Japan can still refuse to perform because China’s domestic laws do not meet the standards of a w88 mobile country，w88 casino games loginOr insufficient performance。

Lu Jinyong: The United States, Europe and Japan do not recognize China’s w88 mobile status，For China，The political impact is greater than the economic impact。

From an economic perspective，The failure of the United States, Europe and Japan to recognize China’s w88 mobile status actually has little impact on China。Because our country’s current annual foreign trade、Export approx.2Trillion US dollars, affected by countervailing, anti-dumping, etc. every year is about100$100 million, no more than200billion US dollars, which is approximately 1% of the total trade volume1%—2%。It may have a greater impact on individual companies，For example, those who produce bicycles，The bicycle factory may be closed if it encounters anti-dumping，Great influence。But for the whole、For my country’s export industry，Little impact。

From a political perspective，Great influence。The United States, Europe and Japan think，China is not yet a w88 mobile country in the true sense，The first reason is that we are not satisfied with my country’s reform and opening up policy，Believe that the current policy is not to further promote reform and opening up，Some are not as open as before。Two is nowWTOThe rules are established based on the w88 mobile，The United States, Europe and Japan believe that China’s economy is not yet a pure w88 mobile，So we are engaging in trade with the world、Investment、When the rules are formulated，China’s “confidence is not strong” when speaking，No conditions lead to the formulation of rules，No influence。The third is to discuss treaties related to China in the future、At the time of agreement，They can “raise the asking price”。

The United States, Europe and Japan do not recognize China’s w88 mobile status，Will be open to China、The impacts of foreign trade development and economic globalization are as follows:

First, the impact on foreign trade development。In case of anti-dumping，We will also look for an alternative country，Annual Impact100—200billion US dollars, the impact is not very big.

The second is the impact on opening up。This may have some impact。my country’s opening up is divided into three categories，The first category is active opening，This is not affected，For example, my country is establishing a free trade pilot zone、Proactively open up the financial industry、Service Industry。The second category is protocol openness，This will be affected to some extent，The United States, Europe and Japan may “increase asking prices”，Our country may be somewhat passive。The third category is peer-to-peer openness，Mainly in the field of international investment，Reciprocal openness focuses on international investment。The impact is not big。So，The failure of the United States, Europe and Japan to recognize China’s w88 mobile status has an impact on China’s opening up，Mainly affecting the opening of agreements in China。

The third is the impact on economic globalization。It can be said that it has little impact。Economic globalization has encountered some difficulties and twists and turns recently，Adjustment in progress。The twists and turns are not caused by the United States, Europe and Japan not recognizing China’s w88 mobile status，It’s because economic globalization is advancing too fast、Unbalanced advancement。The development of economic globalization is also a spiral、Wavy，There is progress and retreat、Adjusted。So，It is normal for the current economic globalization to encounter a low ebb。

The "surrogate country" approach has lost its legal basis

China Economic Times: How should we look at it and how should we respond?

Luo Yuze: According to Article of the "Protocol on China's Accession to the WTO" (hereinafter referred to as the "Protocol")15Regulations，Other WTO members launch anti-dumping investigations against Chinese companies，If the Chinese enterprise cannot prove that its industry has market economy conditions，Then the anti-dumping authorities can use the surrogate country price to identify and calculate dumping。This regulation has been implemented2016year12month11End of day.

From the provisions，The "Protocol" does not completely deny China's "w88 mobile status"，That is, the industry where the trade dispute occurs may be market-based pricing，It may also be non-market-oriented。If the market nature of the industry in which the goods under anti-dumping investigation are located is unclear，Chinese enterprises cannot prove that they meet the conditions of w88 mobile，The sponsor can choose an alternative country，The pressure to prove is on China。

From the perspective of trade dispute practice，This clause is widely used、Abuse。On the one hand, all industries in China are often regarded as not meeting the conditions of market economy，Take this as an inevitable prerequisite for launching anti-dumping，That is, in fact denying China’s market economy status；On the other hand, this clause is used as a "sword of justice" for some economies to initiate anti-dumping lawsuits against Chinese products，Ignore the objective market competitiveness w88 casino gamesof Chinese products，Use some countries that are not very comparable as substitute countries。This clause has caused China to accept anti-dumping for many years in a row、Country with the most countervailing investigations，Chinese companies (including foreign-funded companies investing in China) and consumers in trading partner countries have suffered greatly。

passed15years of continuous efforts，China’s opening up and market-oriented reform have achieved remarkable results，China has become the most popular investment destination for foreign-funded enterprises for many years in a row。This clause no longer conforms to the actual situation in China，It also means more serious discrimination against Chinese companies。The automatic termination after expiration of this clause is actually a good correction mechanism，It has at least three meanings: correcting discrimination against Chinese companies、Maintain the authority of the WTO system、Increase mutual trust and deepen cooperation。More than half of WTO members have recognized China’s market economy status，And this number will continue to increase。

It’s worth noting，There are still a small number of WTO members who regard this clause as a "big stick" to protect their own industries，Don’t want to let go easily。After the expiration of this term, it will naturally terminate，If these members still insist on choosing a surrogate country，Chinese companies will not have the obligation to unilaterally provide evidence at that time，The initiating country of anti-dumping also has no logical and legal basis for initiating sanctions against China，Otherwise it will violate the spirit of the contract，In fact, it damages the seriousness and authority of the WTO Agreement。In populism、Isolationism is on the rise，In the context of rampant trade protectionism，There is still a high possibility that some economies will continue to adopt the surrogate country approach，We should do the following: First, be positiveWTOAppeal, defend our legitimate rights and interestsWTOAuthority; the second is to strengthen andWTOWhile communicating with relevant members，Make countermeasures、Research on the plan，Rely on your own strength and strengthen international cooperation to punish violations of the rules；The third is to advance domestic reform step by step，Do your own thing；Fourth, actively participate in global governance and rule-making，Continue to promote the construction of regional economic cooperation mechanisms，Accumulate and strengthen positive energy。

Tu Xinquan: Although the issue of China’s market economy status is to a large extent a political and economic issue，But judging from the content of the "Protocol on China's Accession to the WTO"，It didn’t ask for itWTOMembers recognize that China is a w88 mobile country，Just ask them to cancel the surrogate country practice in anti-dumping against China。In other words，Canceling the surrogate country practice is an obligation under international law，w88 mobile status is only an accompanying domestic law enforcement issue。For China，If trading partners can recognize that China is a w88 mobile country，Thanks and appreciation of course，But if you don’t want to admit it，We don’t need to care，Because the construction of a socialist w88 mobile with Chinese characteristics does not require the recognition of other countries。In fact，Except for calculation methods in anti-dumping，The concept of w88 mobile status has no other substantive meaning。But，Alternative national law is aWTODiscriminatory practices under the system，Other members must cancel on time，And treat Chinese companies equally from now on。Therefore，RecourseWTODispute resolution mechanism, safeguard yourself as aWTOThe legitimate rights and interests of members are the primary choice。The Chinese government has already done this12month12To be implemented on day，We also firmly believe that our understanding of the terms of accession to the WTO is legally consistentWTORules are followed in spiritWTOPrincipled. But if individual members are inWTOStill refusing to correct wrong practices after the ruling，Then we have enough capabilitiesWTOLet the other party pay the due price under the authorization of 31702_31718

Lu Jinyong: Regarding this，The Ministry of Commerce has stated China’s attitude。

Of course，The United States, Europe and Japan collectively speak out，Does not recognize China’s w88 mobile status，We also need objective analysis。We do still have a lot to work on in the construction and promotion of w88 mobile。First, the government has too much direct intervention in the economy、Too much control，As a result, the market is not completely determined by market forces。Therefore，We must truly streamline administration and delegate power，Let the market play a decisive role。Second, my country’w88 casinos state-owned enterprises have a great influence，It does not operate entirely according to the market。State-owned enterprises should be classified，For those that are purely commercial, let them go to the market，Go to fair competition。The third is now in many aspects，The market still cannot play a decisive role，There is a certain reason why the United States, Europe and Japan do not recognize China’s w88 mobile status，We must seriously change、Promote seriously。From the domestic economy，From reform and opening up、Perspective of future development，From the perspective of letting the market play a decisive role in resource allocation，We need to summarize、Analysis，Accelerate our reforms、Accelerate opening up、Accelerate the promotion of major propositions in which the market plays a decisive role。

Accession into the WTO15, China made significant contributions to the world economy

China Economic Times: China’s accession to the WTO15year，What profound impact will it have on the global economy？How to evaluate China’s contribution to world economic growth？

Lu Jinyong: China’s accession to the WTO15year，Has a profound impact on the global economy，Reflected on the global economic model、Economic landscape、The impact of economic scale and the entire market economic system。

First, it further consolidates and expands the unified world w88 mobile。Since15China joined the WTO years ago，The world market is more complete、More consolidated、More expanded，WTOIt is also more representative，Becoming the “World Trade Organization” in the true sense，So thatWTOThe rules gained greater popularity。The second is as the largest developing country，China’s accession to the WTO，Let developing countries have a voice in the WTO、Status has been enhanced。Third, the entire world economic structure is due to China’s accession to the WTO、Changes have occurred with the rise of China’s economy。Join the WTO15since years，my country’s rapid economic development，The economy has reached several levels，Chaoying、Chaode、Chaori、Catch the beauty，It can be said，The WTO is a "blessed place" and a "treasure place"。The fourth is to create China’s development model。Including models of economic development、Opening model, etc.。This model has several basic points: the country is basically stable、Mainly focus on developing the economy。This is a good reference for other developing countries，This will have a very big impact on the world。

China has made a great contribution to world economic growth，China’s current economic aggregate ranks second among countries，China’s economy sometimes ranks second in its contribution to world economic growth，Sometimes first place。

The specific manifestations are as follows: First, our country has17000—18000Billion US dollars of imports，Promoted the economic development of many countries。Second, our country invests a considerable amount overseas every year。2015year reached1400More than 100 million US dollars。Many countries regard China’s foreign investment as an important driving force for their own economic development。Third, the foreign direct investment attracted by our country while promoting China’s economic development，It has developed and grown，This is also a contribution to the world economy。Fourth, my country’s annual exports have caused commodity prices to drop in many countries，Allowing many countries to obtain much-needed goods and services。

The main ways a country’s economy contributes to global economic growth are as follows: First, economic scale。The size of my country’s economy is about10—11Trillions of dollars，Ranked second among countries。The second is the extroversion of the economy。China’s foreign trade dependence is30About %, the total import and export is about4More than one trillion US dollars。It can be said，China’s openness is relatively high，Funding openness、The openness of technology is not small。The third is the specific structure of the economy。For example, export、Import、Utilizing foreign capital、Foreign investment、Foreign aid, etc.。It can be said，China’s contribution to the world economy comes in many ways，Contribution to the world economy is also increasing，It is well-deserved to rank second among all countries，And China will definitely continue to improve in the future。

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