China’s role and positioning in w88 casino games login economic governance system
Fan Libo Shi Jiehui
(Source:《Guangming Daily》2016Year2month17日15version)
1, China and w88 casino games login economic governance system
In the global governance system, economic issues are one of the core propositions, so we call it the “global economic governance system”. This governance system was gradually formed and developed after World War II. Through the active participation of a number of international organizations, intergovernmental organizations, international non-governmental organizations and multinational companies, and through the establishment of corresponding "hard principles" and "soft rules", it guides, guides and restricts the behavior of governments and enterprises. These international organizations and intergovernmental organizations include the United Nations and its related agencies, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Asian Development Bank, the General Agreement on Tariffs and w88, the Group of Seven Western Countries (G7), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) etc.20century90Since s,APEC、WTO、10+1、10+3, East Asia Free w88 Area,20Group of Nations (G20）、TPP, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, etc. have developed rapidly. Among the various international organizations and intergovernmental organizations, some are economic international organizations, and some are directly or indirectly related to the world economy.
The initial economic issues of w88 casino games login economic governance system are relatively abstract and can be classified into "North-South issues" (rich and poor issues) and "East-West issues" (system issues). With the rapid and in-depth development of globalization, some powers traditionally dominated by governments have begun to transfer to international organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGO) and the transfer, transfer and proliferation of multinational corporations, global economic issues are becoming increasingly specialized, diversified and regional.
The global economic governance system has had a profound impact on China, an open economy. For example, before China joined the WTO, the United States adopted an annual review approach for the so-called "China's Most Favored Nation Treatment" issue. Western countries also followed the lead of the United States, resulting in China's w88 and investment framework being extremely unstable. Overseas capital neither dared to make major investments in China nor signed long-term w88 agreements with Chinese companies.2001The situation has been greatly improved since China's accession to the WTO. Not only that, as one of the most active emerging economies, China’s open economy, Chinese elements and Chinese way of thinking (Chinese Way) are having or have had a positive impact on these international organizations and international rules, for example, the RMB has becomeSDRCurrency.
2, China’s changing role in w88 casino games login economic governance system
Explanation and Interpretation of Modern China40The development process of open economies and the changing relationship between China and global economic governance are a unique analytical perspective. This kind of explanation and interpretation cannot be just a "pure text" analysis, nor can it be separated from the specific historical context and international order, nor can it only be a "particularity" analysis while avoiding "universality."
Before the reform and opening up, China was a non-staff country in the global economic governance system, and its understanding of global economic governance was relatively "cold". For example, multinational corporations are one of the most active entities in the global economic system, but China's basic attitude towards them at that time was that they believed that multinational corporations were plundering global resources through unfair w88, so there should be restrictions on multinational corporations. In fact, multinational companies are getting larger and stronger, and are considered the "engine, catalyst, and ally" of the world economy.
Since20century80Since the implementation of the reform and opening up policy in the 1990s and the entry of domestic enterprises into the international market, China has begun to selectively and conditionally accept existing international regulations and orders. Its behavior and attitude have also undergone major changes, and it has become a real recipient and learner in w88 casino games login economic governance system. At that time, there was also a phenomenon: when encountering troublesome problems and challenges, Western understanding and solutions were often directly placed on Chinese situations and problems. We call this the "Western scoring" effect. The "Western scoring" effect seems to be a technical behavior, a market behavior, but in fact it implies the output of Western culture, including values, rules and behavioral standards. In the long run, the "Western scoring" effect will limit and solidify China's thinking on cognitive issues, which may lead to simplistic conclusions. There are many reasons for the "Western scoring" effect, but Western influence and China's lack of confidence are the two basic reasons.
First of all, the "Western scoring" effect stems from the voice of Western developed countries in the international market. Here, it is necessary for us to review the understanding of China by Mr. Fairbank, a famous American expert on China studies. He believes that the more heavily influenced by Europe and the United States, the weaker the Chinese characteristics. Correspondingly, the regions that are less influenced by Europe and the United States show stronger Chinese characteristics, and Western elements are even completely absent. There is a phenomenon of w88-off between China and the West. Therefore, he assumed that there are two wholes: China and its tradition as a whole, which is stable, and the modern West as a whole, which forms a joint force of impact. Based on this assumption, he proposed the "impact-response" theory, believing that what prompted China to change was19All the changes that have occurred in China in the process of modernization are responses to the Western impact. This is a very macro explanation system, but such a summary of China's modernization process must have many loopholes: Are Chinese characteristics and traditions so stable that they cannot undergo fission of their own? Does China’s transformation have to come from Western impact? The answer is no.
Since entering the new century, the world economy has entered "mediocrity" and "new mediocrity" (2008years later), while China’s economy has maintained medium-to-high growth, there has been a certain degree of “mismatch” between China’s economy and the world economy, which has objectively amplified the international influence of China’s economy.
For example, China’s manufacturing has made significant progress in “integrating” and “paralleling” with world manufacturing. Both are "manufacturing", and the strategic correlation and complementarity between the two have met the conditions for upgrading. The international competitiveness of China's manufacturing, represented by high-speed rail, nuclear power and hydropower, is becoming a new focus of world manufacturing. In the fields of high technology, agriculture, currency and finance, China has already made its own unique explorations. As China's manufacturing goes global, Chinese capital also begins to accelerate. When the Chinese government proposes a new round of high-level opening up, it is precisely when China is turning from a net investment importer to a net investment exporter. According to data released by the Ministry of Commerce,2014In 2017, China achieved a total of industry-wide outward direct investment1160USD billion, year-on-year increase15.5%, if third place financing and reinvestment is added,2014China’s overseas investment scale should be in1400About 100 million US dollars. This data is higher than China’s use of foreign investment200Billion dollars, that is201417342_17404
3, China’s strategic positioning in w88 casino games login economic governance system
After China’s economic development reaches the new normal stage, it will definitely encounter strategic bottlenecks. From the perspective of its opponents, China's strategic positioning in w88 casino games login economic governance system is not just a "situation" or a pair of contradictions, but also an ecology. China must take a larger "big picture" view, which means it must not only resolve conflicts but also protect the ecology. Looking at it from its own perspective, China’s performance in the past30Active exploration in the middle of the year enabled the writing of "China Story", which is an amazing thing. But this is not the "capital" to move forward, but the qualifications and confidence to move forward. Our positioning should still be learners and participants. We cannot think that we are already standing in the center of the stage and are already a leader. The government must push "Chinese enterprises" and "Chinese brands" to the center of the stage, and must participate in and reconstruct w88 casino games login economic governance system around enterprise development and brand building.
The competitiveness of Chinese enterprises is the dominant standard and dominant logic for judging China’s role and status in global economic governance. Looking at the international development process of Chinese enterprises in the past few decades, the government and enterprises need to get rid of two misunderstandings: First, the misunderstanding of independent innovation. The original intention of independent innovation is very good, but some people turn independent innovation into self-innovation, turn open-door innovation into closed-door innovation, and turn innovation into mere laboratory inventions instead of entering the market. Independent innovation is not a laboratory invention, but a business concept. Whether it can be promoted in the market is very important, because what comes out of the laboratory is still far from innovation. The second is the misunderstanding of independent brands. There are many ways for a company to create its own brand. Some are original, called self-created brands; others are acquired, such as Geely's acquisition of Volvo, which is the acquisition of brands. However, in our promotion, we limit the path of independent brands to self-created brands, and do not encourage cross-border acquisitions or growth in w88 casino games login value chain. In addition, many people have changed "Chinese enterprise's own brand" into "Chinese own brand" and removed the concept of enterprise. Such mistakes have deviated from the development direction of w88 casino games login value chain. If Chinese enterprises want to achieve international growth and improve their competitiveness, they must integrate or be embedded in w88 casino games login value chain formed by w88 casino games login industrial division of labor. Without this process, it is impossible for enterprises to improve their competitiveness and participate in w88 casino games login industrial division of labor.
Original report link:
http://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2016-02/17/nw.D110000gmrb_20160217_1-15.htm
