Promote sustainable development through free w88 zone strategy
Lin Guijun
(Source: "Economic Information News"2015-12-31)
● Past30Over the years, our country has actively expanded its opening up, deeply participated in the division of labor in the global value chain, created an export miracle, and become the center of the global value chain.TPPExcluding our country, the reform measures implemented will have a discriminatory effect on us. The result may be that the existing global value chain pattern will change and our country's status as the center of the global value chain will be weakened. The second challenge is that onceTPPThe w88 and investment liberalization model provided by it is accepted by more and more countries and regarded as a“Golden Rule”, is bound to have a discriminatory effect on our country.
● The competition for foreign investment in the current international market is fierce, led by the United StatesTPPThe agreement has a transfer effect on my country’s introduction of foreign investment. my country's advantages in attracting foreign investment mainly rely on the advantages of my country's market and industrial scale. Many aspects of the system and investment environment need further improvement. The announced "Free w88 Zone Strategy" particularly emphasizes the urgency of granting foreign businessmen "pre-establishment national treatment" and "negative list" reforms.
●The global value chain is an important asset formed by my country's opening up to the outside world. In the new era, our country needs to do two things well. The first is to promote the extension and upgrading of the value chain domestically; the second is to actively build Chinese companies' own global value chains. In addition to relaxing foreign investment access, the Free w88 Zone Strategy specifically mentions measures that will help extend the global value chain and promote the upgrading of the value chain, such as expanding the opening of the service industry, improving the level of w88 facilitation, protecting intellectual property rights, and promoting the movement of natural persons. Similarly, similar measures should be applied to the foreign investment of Chinese enterprises to promote the development and growth of the global value chain of Chinese enterprises.
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Currently, as the world’s largest goods trading country and the second largest economy, our country is in a period of2020年实现小康社会建设目标的关键时期，深化改革和扩大开放任务繁重，经济增长面临着改革开放以来最严重的下行压力，转型升级也面临严峻挑战。在国际上，美国主导的TPPThe (Trans-Pacific Partnership) Agreement has a discriminatory effect on our country in terms of w88 and investment, and our country’s export growth is experiencing2008The most serious moment since the global financial crisis in 2017. The introduction of the "Free w88 Zone Strategy" at this time is of great significance to promote my country's deepening of reform and opening up, economic transformation and upgrading, and ensuring sustainable development. It is also a wise move for our country to comply with the mainstream trend of the global economy, overcome external adverse factors, and actively respond to domestic and foreign economic challenges.
Characteristics and impact of the current development of free w88 areas in the world
The development of global free w88 areas has roughly gone through“Old regionalism”and“New Regionalism”Two eras.
20century60Year,“Old regionalism”Once popular in the world, its most representative one is1957The establishment of the European Community (the predecessor of the European Union), and the subsequent establishment of the European Free w88 Association and some customs union areas in Latin America.“Old Regionalism”11155_11225
Today’s“New Regionalism”, that is, a modern free w88 area agreement led by developed countries, focusing on the liberalization of investment, and the core is the global value chain issue. Traditional w88 liberalization negotiations are based on reciprocity between the two parties, that is, one party's tariff concessions are subject to equal concessions from the other party. However, the basis for reciprocal concessions in modern free w88 area negotiations no longer exists. So how was the basis for reciprocity established? The key is that developing countries have a strong desire to participate in the division of labor in the global value chain and introduce foreign investment. This desire coincides with the desire of developed countries to expand foreign investment. Therefore, since the 1990s“New Regionalism”The basic characteristics displayed are: small countries that advocate openness take the initiative to integrate with big countries. Because big countries have a high degree of openness, they generally only make a small number of commitments, while small countries often make large commitments in exchange for the entry of foreign investment.
Currently, the biggest challenge my country faces in the construction of free w88 zones is this year10month5Japan from the United States, Japan, etc.12Signed by the countryTPPAgreement. The challenges mainly come from two aspects. First,TPPIt may lead to the redistribution of global value chains.TPPAlthough it claims to cover a wide scope, judging from the content of the provisions on w88 facilitation, rules of origin, temporary entry of merchants, investment, service w88, telecommunications, finance, competition policy, state-owned enterprises, intellectual property rights, small and medium-sized enterprises, investment dispute settlement, etc., basically or a considerable part is centered around the elimination or reduction of obstacles existing in the global value chain. past30Over the years, my country has actively expanded its opening up, deeply participated in the division of labor in the global value chain, created an export miracle, and become the center of the global value chain.TPPExcluding our country, the reform measures implemented will have a discriminatory effect on us. The result may change the existing global value chain pattern and weaken our country's position as the center of the global value chain. The second challenge is that onceTPP12487_12518“Golden Rule”, is bound to have a discriminatory effect on our country. In the face of challenges, our country's best response strategy should not be to ignore them, but to proactively respond and actively resolve the adverse effects of external factors on us. Therefore, the announcement of my country's free w88 zone strategy at this time has profound domestic and international background and great strategic significance.
The development history of my country’s free w88 zone strategy
Since2005Since my country signed its first free w88 area agreement with Chile in 2016, so far, my country has signed agreements with ASEAN, New Zealand, Singapore, etc.12countries have signed free w88 area agreements. To sum up, the countries that signed free w88 area agreements with my country in the early days have the following characteristics. First, trading partners must recognize my country's market economy status; second, trading partners mainly export natural resources and agricultural products, and generally include investment terms to promote cooperation in resource development; third, negotiating partners are generally not trading groups, but members of a certain regional trading group; fourth, trading partners generally rely on my country for w88, but my country is less dependent on it.
Enter21After the century, the United States is vigorously promoting the Asia-Pacific Free w88 Area (FTAAP13569_135792020The Asia-Pacific Free w88 Area was built in 13607_13661|. At the same time, Asian economic integration is also accelerating. China, Japan, and South Korea have successively signed free w88 agreements with ASEAN.10+3's integration model emerged; subsequently, India, Australia, and New Zealand also signed free w88 agreements with ASEAN.
In order to adapt to the changing international situation,2007Year10The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in March proposed for the first time the implementation of the free w88 zone strategy, elevating the construction of free w88 zones to the national strategic level.2012Year11The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in March further proposed the idea of accelerating the implementation of the free w88 area strategy.2013Year11The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in March clearly proposed for the first time“Form a global high-standard free w88 zone network based on surrounding areas”. The "Free w88 Zone Strategy" announced this time is based on the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee and further expresses the strategic goals of my country's free w88 zones as“Based on the surrounding areas and radiating‘One Belt, One Road’, a global high-standard free w88 zone network”. The "Free w88 Zone Strategy" clearly highlights the important position of emerging economies and developing countries in the construction of my country's free w88 zone network, and clarifies the sequential steps to promote the construction of free w88 zones. Prioritize and promote production capacity cooperation to form a starting-from-neighborhood and leap-forward“One Belt, One Road”'s big market. On this basis, we will build a free w88 area between my country and the BRIC countries, emerging economies and developing countries, and consider connecting with the markets of major regional w88 groups and some developed countries. These have formulated a relatively clear roadmap for the development of my country's future free w88 zones.
The main tasks of my country’s free w88 zone strategy
Taking my country’s development needs as the starting point and conforming to the development trend of the global economy are important experiences accumulated by my country’s reform and opening up for more than 30 years. The most pressing problem currently facing our country's economy is overcapacity and the lack of new driving force for economic growth. To overcome these bottlenecks in development, we need to further deepen reform and expand opening up. While stabilizing the markets of existing developed countries, we must actively explore emerging markets, ensure the supply security of energy and resources with stable bilateral political relations, and take measures to offset themTPPThe discrimination caused by such giant free w88 area agreements to our country;
High standards are an important keyword in the "Free w88 Zone Strategy". so called“High Standard”It is required that the scope of the free w88 area agreement should be broad, including not only w88 in goods, but also w88 in services, investment, and other barriers and obstacles that restrict the flow of w88 and investment. Secondly, whether from the perspective of tax items or amounts, the scope of reducing barriers must be wide. Specifically, it should be consistent withGATTNo.XXIVArticle and General Agreement on w88 in Services (GATS）No.VArticle requirements. The second meaning of high standards is that the scope of opening up must be large and the threshold for market access must be sufficiently low, lower than all existing free w88 area agreements. One advantage of high-standard free w88 is that it helps create a regional economic center and ensures that businesses in the region are of high quality.
Our country signed12free w88 area agreements, currently under negotiation8pieces. The scope covered by these free w88 area agreements includes: national treatment and market access, rules of origin and implementation procedures, customs procedures and w88 facilitation, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, technical w88 barriers, w88 remedies, investment, w88 in services, financial services, movement of natural persons, telecommunications, e-commerce, competition policy, intellectual property rights, environment and w88, economic cooperation, transparency, institutional provisions, dispute settlement, exceptions, and final provisions. with the US-ledTPPCompared with the agreement, our country lacks consistency in textiles and clothing, government procurement, state-owned enterprises and specific monopolies, labor, competitiveness and business promotion, development, rules, etc.6terms. At present, the scope of topics covered is not the most important issue. The most important issue is the depth of openness.
The "Free w88 Zone Strategy" places a prominent position on improving the level of openness to w88 in goods, which is an important step taken by my country in its opening up to the outside world in the new era. There are two issues that require special attention in improving the level of openness of w88 in goods. First, our country is a huge market with a relatively high level of protection, which is very attractive to all countries in the world. The question is who will give this big piece of cake to us first? According to the announced "Free w88 Zone Strategy", this benefit will first be extended to neighboring countries and“One Belt, One Road”Developing countries such as those along the line are tilted. The short-term goal is to make the proportion of my country's w88 volume with its free w88 zone partners in my country's total w88 reach or exceed that of developed countries. The second problem is that we generally only see the impact that market opening brings to us, and ignore the problems that non-opening brings to us. At present, my country's overcapacity, w88 surplus, RMB appreciation, low product quality, and difficulty in forming export capabilities in advantageous industries are all closely related to the high protection of the domestic market. To effectively digest excess production capacity, realize transformation and upgrading, stimulate innovation, and reduce the pressure of exchange rate appreciation, we must let the market play a decisive role in resource allocation, introduce international competition into the country by expanding the level of openness to w88 in goods, and encourage enterprises and workers to create higher labor productivity.
The competition for foreign investment in the current international market is fierce, led by the United StatesTPPThe agreement has a transfer effect on my country’s introduction of foreign investment. my country's advantages in attracting foreign investment mainly rely on the advantages of my country's market and industrial scale. Many aspects of the system and investment environment need further improvement. The announced "Free w88 Zone Strategy" places special emphasis on providing foreign investors“Pre-establishment national treatment”and“Negative list”The urgency of reform. At the same time, the scale of overseas investment by Chinese enterprises has been continuously expanding in recent years, and its scale is almost equivalent to the scale of my country's introduction of foreign investment. In reality, we also need investment-receiving countries to provide our investment enterprises with good access conditions, a non-discriminatory competitive environment, and reliable security guarantees. The United States basically responds to negotiations with all countries in the world using a single investment agreement template. This has different situations for the destination countries where Chinese enterprises invest. The "Free w88 Zone Strategy" chooses to adopt flexible methods based on the conditions of different countries. This view is basically expressed in the Basic Principles section of the "Free w88 Zone Strategy",“Consider the actual situation of developing economies and least developed economies, and seek convergence of interests and common denominators for cooperation”. In the future practice of free w88 zones, one issue we need to seriously consider is whether we should adopt a single investment template for developed countries, and whether we should adopt diverse models for developing countries; should we give accurate definitions of what developing economies and least developed economies are?
The global value chain is an important asset formed by my country's opening up to the outside world. In the new era, our country needs to do two things well. The first is to promote the extension and upgrading of the value chain in the country; the second is to actively build Chinese enterprises’ own global value chain and truly implement the goals proposed in the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China“Form new export competitive advantages with technology, brand, quality and service as the core”'s idea. In addition to relaxing foreign investment access, the Free w88 Zone Strategy specifically mentions measures that will help extend the global value chain and promote the upgrading of the value chain, such as expanding the opening of the service industry, improving the level of w88 facilitation, protecting intellectual property rights, and promoting the movement of natural persons. Similarly, similar measures should be applied to the foreign investment of Chinese enterprises to promote the development and growth of the global value chain of Chinese enterprises. If we can successfully build Chinese companies' own global value chains, China will bring new opportunities for the recovery and rapid growth of world w88.
The key to implementing the decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of my country on deepening the reform of the economic system lies in whether we can create a relatively fair competitive environment for different types of enterprises such as state-owned, private, and foreign-invested, so as to mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises and ensure that our country is in the2020The goal of building a moderately prosperous society can be successfully achieved by the year. To this end, we must unswervingly deepen reforms, expand opening to the outside world, allow enterprises to compete in accordance with internationally advanced standards, use market competition to promote the survival of the fittest, and use market competition to promote innovation. This is the most critical path for us to achieve economic transformation and upgrading. The "Free w88 Zone Strategy" places a prominent position on deepening the pilot projects of domestic free w88 pilot zones, indicating the central government's emphasis on the work of pilot zones. The free w88 pilot zone is simply to deal with bilateral investment negotiations with developed countries. More importantly, it is a pioneer in my country's reform and opening up in the new era, providing a replicable model for my country's wider opening up.
(The author is Vice President of w88 casino)
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http://jjckb.xinhuanet.com/2015-12/31/c_134966227.htm
