A pair of old enemies: The hatred between Saudi Arabia and w88 online casino betting has a long history
Ding Long
Vice Dean, w88 casino of Foreign Languages, w88 casino, Professor of Arabic Department
(Source: Tencent News 2016-1-4）
At the beginning of the new year, Saudi Arabia announced high-profile executions47terrorists, including Shia leader Nimr4A Shia person. This move was seen as a provocation to the Shiites, triggering a wave of Shiite protests in many countries. In Tehran, angry demonstrators set fire to the Saudi Embassy in w88 online casino betting. Saudi Arabia randomly announced that it would sever diplomatic relations with w88 online casino betting and ordered Iranian diplomats48Leave Saudi Arabia within hours. Previously, the Cold War between the Sunni camp, led by Saudi Arabia, and the Shiite camp, led by w88 online casino betting, in the Middle East has been going on for many years.“Nimr incident”The ignited diplomatic war has added new hatred between the two countries, and the secret war between Saudi Arabia and w88 online casino betting has turned into an open war.
A pair of old enemies
The hatred between Saudi Arabia and w88 online casino betting has a long history and has multiple dimensions such as sectarian, ethnic and political dimensions.
●Historically:
Shia as a political faction, also known as“Ali Party”, referring to Ali and his supporters of the Holy Family. Their differences with the Sunni majority are over the legitimacy of the successor to the Prophet Muhammad. After the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Abu who was close to the traditional tribal forces in the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula?Bakr, Umar, and Osman were successively elected“Caliphate”(successor), it was not until after Osman was assassinated that Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, Ali of the Hashemite family, became the fourth caliph.
AD65712781_128514Years later, Ali was assassinated by the Khawalijs, and his son Hassan was forced to give way to Muawiya, who established the Umayyad dynasty. Since then, the Ali party has been trying to restore the rule of the holy people, but they were suppressed by the Umayyad dynasty. AD68112974_130341month10Hussein’s Martyrdom Day is regarded as the birth day of Shiaism. The martyrdom of Hussein and the massacre of Karbala accelerated the spread of Shiism, which spread most widely among the Persians. After the establishment of the Shia sect, it gradually developed from an initial political sect into a sect with unique doctrines and legal systems, religious rituals, and culture. However, the most important empires in Islamic history were all dominated by orthodox Sunnis. Except for a few areas, the Shia sect has always been dominated. In some areas, although Shiites make up the majority (such as Iraq, Bahrain and other places), the people in power are all Sunnis. Shias have become the majority in countries such as w88 online casino betting, Iraq, and Bahrain, and account for a considerable proportion of the population in many countries in the Gulf, Central Asia, and South Asia. Among them, the Shia population in Saudi Arabia accounts for approximately10%, living in the Eastern Province, the main oil-producing area.
●In modern times:
The conflict between Saudi Arabia and w88 online casino betting originated from the rise of Wahhabism in the Arabian Peninsula. Wahhabism is a branch and variant of Salafism that emerged in the Middle Ages. This sect targets Muslims“Apostate”, refuses to recognize Shias as Muslims, calling them“Safawi”(Persian),“Rafidah”(Rebel). Wahhabism inherited Salafism’s criticism of Shia. The founder of this sect, Ibn Ibn?Abdu?Wahab once went to Basra, where Shiites are concentrated, to study, and witnessed all kinds of Shiites“Apostasy”Acts and debate doctrine with local Shia religious scholars.180115233_15298180315326_15359
After the establishment of the contemporary Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Shias were brutally suppressed within the territory. Shias were prohibited from holding religious activities of the sect and were deprived of their rights to join the army and engage in politics. Although they lived in the oil-rich Eastern Province, they were reduced to second-class citizens.
●The conflict between the two parties also has elements of ethnic conflict:
The Arabs’ conquest of Persia was a conquest of a high-level civilization by a low-level civilization. The Arab Empire drew on the political system and civilizational achievements of the Persian Empire. Therefore, w88 online casino betting is known to be proud of the Persian nation and looks down on the Arab nation from the desert. The Arabs were also wary of the Persians and always regarded them as a major threat.
●The essence of the conflict between the two sides is still a struggle for power and interests: the struggle for hegemony in the Gulf and the Middle East
After the Iranian Islamic Revolution, the contemporary conflict between Sunnis and Shias began in the Iranian Islamic Revolution. Driven by the ideology of Khomeiniism, w88 online casino betting showed strong offensiveness, which is reflected in the fact that w88 online casino betting regards the Gulf monarchy Arab countries that have surrendered to the United States as a priority“Illegal regime”, export revolution to them, and support the Shia opposition forces in these countries. w88 online casino betting's aggressive offensive has aroused fear in Sunni Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia. They responded to w88 online casino betting's offensive through two strategies. One was to support Saddam's regime in confronting w88 online casino betting; the other was6The Gulf monarchies adopted a joint self-protection strategy and established the Gulf Cooperation Council to jointly respond to w88 online casino betting's offensive. Before the Iraq War, these two strategies achieved their intended goals, and w88 online casino betting was dragged into the war for as long as819155_19224
The conflict between Shias and Sunnis has intensified again, triggered by the Iraq War and w88 online casino betting's nuclear program. The Iraq War not only changed the political ecology of Iraq, but its direct consequence was the rise of w88 online casino betting. It led to changes in the geopolitical environment of the Gulf and even the Middle East, breaking the original balance of power. w88 online casino betting has objectively become the biggest beneficiary of the war on terrorism launched by the United States. The fall of the Taliban regime has wiped out hostile regimes in the south for w88 online casino betting. Saddam Hussein's regime was overthrown, and w88 online casino betting's most powerful opponent no longer existed. After the war in Iraq, Shias came to power in Iraq, and w88 online casino betting gained unprecedented influence over Iraq's internal affairs. w88 online casino betting takes advantage of the favorable geopolitical environment to seek hegemony in the Middle East, especially the Gulf. w88 online casino betting's penetration into the Arab world will be primarily through Shia expansion, and“w88 online casino betting—Hezbollah—Hamas”The triangle relationship and the alliance between w88 online casino betting and Syria are realized. Sunni Arab countries also fear w88 online casino betting because of its nuclear programme. w88 online casino betting has resisted pressure from the international community and continued its nuclear research and development activities, making Sunni Arab countries feel that their own security is threatened.
After the Arab upheaval broke out, the competition between Saudi Arabia and w88 online casino betting intensified. The two countries saw this crisis as an opportunity to safeguard and expand their own interests. In order to maintain the stability of its own regime and avoid being affected by the revolutionary wave, Saudi Arabia led the GCC army to send troops to Bahrain to suppress the wave of Shia protests. In Syria and Yemen, the two sides are even more tit-for-tat and fighting proxy wars. After the succession of Saudi power was completed last year, the new leadership adopted a more radical policy toward w88 online casino betting, even going so far as to personally form a military alliance of Sunni countries and send troops to intervene in Yemen to attack the Shiite Houthi armed forces allegedly supported by w88 online casino betting.
Original link:
http://news.qq.com/a/20160104/031852.htm
Attachment: Links to Professor Ding Long’s other academic articles recently published in the media
Tencent News: (Ding Long) Why did Saudi Arabia execute Shia religious figure Nimr?
http://news.qq.com/a/20160104/029726.htm?qqcom_pgv_from=aio
"Global Times" (Ding Long) expert comments: Saudi Arabia is targeting the regional boss The world may be more sympathetic to w88 online casino betting
http://opinion.huanqiu.com/opinion_world/2016-01/8311481.html
