Qiu Changqing: “Asian Tiger” w88 online sports betting’s Middle Power Diplomacy
(Source: China Net Date:2015Year6month24日）
w88 online sports betting is one of the countries currently attracting the most attention from the international community among the "Four Asian Tigers" (the other three tigers are: Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines). In recent years, the Indonesian economy has maintained a steady growth5%'s rapid growth has also demonstrated its identity as a middle power that matches its economic status. Among the emerging countries named by many well-known international institutions abroad, w88 online sports betting has been rated as one of the most promising emerging economies, such as "New Diamond11国”（Next11), "vitamins10国”（Vitamin10), "Civet6国”（Civits6), "Looking5国”（Vista5), "Eight Fast Growth Countries" (Growth8) and many other dazzling names describing emerging economies are related to w88 online sports betting, highlighting w88 online sports betting’s status in today’s international political arena. As the largest economy in ASEAN and the 16th largest economy in the world, w88 online sports betting's influence in Southeast Asia is not inferior to that of China and India, which are rich in great power genes, and has shown a quiet rise in many fields. Generally speaking, w88 online sports betting is currently mainly pursuing middle power diplomacy based on ASEAN and looking at the world to consolidate its status as a regional power. Especially since the new Indonesian government came to power, it has proposed a diplomatic strategy of "middle power diplomacy" and building a "world maritime axis" that has attracted much attention from the international community. Where will Jokowi lead w88 online sports betting's diplomacy under the banner of "change"? What role will w88 online sports betting play in regional and international affairs in the future? Become the focus of widespread attention from the outside world.
1. Asian Tigers: “Pains of Transformation” and “Quiet Rise”
The general principle for the rise of a country is to be strong internally and strong externally. It is after w88 online sports betting has experienced the pain of political transformation for more than ten years that it has achieved domestic political stability and gradually emerged quietly in the international political arena.20century60After the 1970s, w88 online sports betting was under military rule for a long time. Ruled w88 online sports betting nearly30The Suharto regime in1998After its collapse during the financial crisis in 2001, it has faced painful transformation pains. Presidents Habibie, Wahid and Megawati who took over later were unable to fundamentally change w88 online sports betting's political instability during their terms, and economic development was stretched. Until2004After President Susilo came to power in 2016, w88 online sports betting started a process of democratic transformation. Compared with some Southeast Asian countries, w88 online sports betting's transformation was more successful, and its domestic politics were relatively stable. There was neither political turmoil like Thailand, nor anti-government armed divisions like the Philippines. In this internal environment, w88 online sports betting started its modernization process.
There is no doubt that w88 online sports betting has unique conditions for its “quiet rise”. From a geopolitical perspective, w88 online sports betting is the largest country in Southeast Asia. It is located between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It guards the four major ocean channels of the Malacca Strait, the Sunda Strait, the Lombok Strait, and the Makassar Strait. It is a natural maritime axis country. In terms of population and religion, it is the most populous country in Southeast Asia and the largest Muslim country in the world. It has an important influence in the Islamic world. In terms of resource endowment, it is the largest archipelago country in the world. It is located in the tropics and has rich natural resources such as forests, minerals, agriculture, and energy. In terms of diplomatic strategy, w88 online sports betting has its own particularity. Since independence, w88 online sports betting has been pursuing an independent and non-aligned active foreign policy, and has played a leading role in the Non-Aligned Movement, ASEAN regional integration, new strategic partnerships between Asia and Africa, and South-South cooperation. Compared with some ASEAN countries, w88 online sports betting is not as pro-American as Singapore, nor does it have an obvious preference for European and American democratic values like the Philippines. Instead, it maintains close relations with major countries such as China, the United States, Japan, and India. This ensures the independence and balance of w88 online sports betting's foreign strategy and expands the development opportunities and international space for w88 online sports betting's rise.
2. Looking at the world: "all-round pragmatic diplomacy" and "big power balance" strategy
In recent years, Indonesian diplomacy has shown an unprecedented aggressive attitude and global vision. It is w88 online sports betting's traditional strategic and cultural orientation to avoid "one-sidedness" and adopt a relatively balanced middle line. As a middle power in the region, w88 online sports betting's diplomatic strategic goal is to develop relations with major countries in the world through all-round diplomacy, actively participate in various multilateral international organizations, promote middle power diplomacy, and enhance its international status and influence, thereby becoming a true power in Southeast Asia.
Due to its unique geographical location and independent diplomatic tradition, w88 online sports betting was once a flag in the anti-imperialist and anti-colonial struggle in the developing world. w88 online sports betting's "Father of Independence" Sukarno not only led the country to achieve national independence, but was also very active on the international political stage.1955Year4In August, Sukarno, together with China, India, Myanmar and other countries, held the far-reaching first Asian-African Conference in Bandung, w88 online sports betting, which brought w88 online sports betting to the world stage with a brand-new attitude and caused widespread influence in the vast developing world in Asia and Africa.
Since entering the new century, while adhering to its tradition of independent diplomacy, w88 online sports betting has attached great importance to developing relations with all major powers and used balanced diplomacy among major powers to expand its international strategic space. Based on geostrategic needs, w88 online sports betting has become the target of competition among major powers, which provides favorable conditions for w88 online sports betting to implement balanced diplomacy among major powers. Relations between w88 online sports betting and the United States once suffered setbacks when the United States accused w88 online sports betting of human rights violations in East Timor and the region. "9·11After the "incident", as the world's largest Muslim country, w88 online sports betting's role in the fight against terrorism in Southeast Asia has been valued by the United States. The United States hopes to use w88 online sports betting to fight terrorism, and relations between the two countries have rapidly improved and a "comprehensive partnership" has been established. So far, w88 online sports betting has established strategic partnerships with almost all major powers in the world. This all-round great power diplomacy has demonstrated its active and flexible diplomatic style and also provided important opportunities for it to stand out on the international stage.
In recent years, w88 online sports betting has also been very active in international multilateral cooperation mechanisms. w88 online sports betting is not only the only ASEAN countryG20Members are also important members of international organizations such as the Organization of the Islamic Conference, ASEAN, and the United Nations, and their voice has increased in international affairs. In the practice of multilateral diplomacy, w88 online sports betting plays a constructive role in major international and regional issues such as climate change, disaster relief and reduction, and international peacekeeping, and has effectively expanded its international influence.
3. Based on ASEAN: “Constructively Leading” Regional Affairs
As a founding member of ASEAN, w88 online sports betting has always played a "leader" role among ASEAN countries and is a leader and important driving force for regional integration. ASEAN can be said to be the cornerstone of w88 online sports betting's diplomatic strategy. Each Indonesian government in the post-Suharto era has been committed to managing foreign relations under the ASEAN framework. In w88 online sports betting's middle power diplomacy, on the one hand, it seeks ASEAN's central position in resolving regional affairs and further consolidates regional cooperation mechanisms, especially using the East Asia Summit to prevent major powers outside the ASEAN region from dominating regional affairs; on the other hand, it pursues a "leadership" role in ASEAN and even seeks to play a larger role on a larger platform----That is, the influence of a middle power in the Indo-Pacific region.
In Southeast Asia, where there are many small countries, w88 online sports betting has always advocated that ASEAN countries integrate ASEAN to lead regional affairs through "collective voice", forming the "ASEAN way" to solve regional problems (ASEAN Way), and vigorously promote the building of the ASEAN community on this basis.2003The first meeting held in Cambodia36At the 14th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, w88 online sports betting proposed the following2020Proposal to build ASEAN into an economic, security and cultural community. w88 online sports betting has enhanced its influence in Southeast Asia through this small country group approach, and has also made ASEAN's "small horse and cart" approach the leading force in East Asia's regional integration.
Due to the diversity of Southeast Asian countries’ political systems, economic development levels, and religious cultures, the conflicts within ASEAN countries are complicated. As the "big brother" among ASEAN members, w88 online sports betting has played the role of "peacemaker" within ASEAN members since its establishment. Such as2011The dispute over the Preah Vihear Temple between Thailand and Cambodia led to the most serious conflict among ASEAN member states since its establishment, causing uneasiness among ASEAN member states. w88 online sports betting launched mediation diplomacy, sent observers to monitor the ceasefire between the two sides, and urged all parties to resolve disputes through negotiations, thus easing the conflict between Thailand and Cambodia.
There is no doubt that w88 online sports betting is the well-deserved "leader" within ASEAN. Compared with other ASEAN member states, w88 online sports betting not only has innate advantages in natural conditions, but also has the style of a regional power that takes the overall situation into consideration and is good at uniting its neighbors. Its status is currently irreplaceable by other Southeast Asian countries.
4. w88 online sports betting’s Diplomacy with China: A Cautious Partner
w88 online sports betting is one of the first neighboring countries to establish diplomatic relations with China, but the current situation of China-w88 online sports betting relations is far less than that between China and Singapore, Malaysia and other countries in Southeast Asia. In the context of the Cold War era, relations between the two countries were once in a state of interruption.90Since the resumption of diplomatic relations in the 1990s, relations between the two countries have developed rapidly. From the perspective of bilateral relations, as close neighbors, the two countries do not have disputes over territorial sovereignty. Their economies are highly complementary and it is easy to find common ground for cooperation.201317087_1710821The strategic concept of "Century Maritime Silk Road", w88 online sports betting, as a key node connecting Oceania, Europe, Africa, South Asia and other regions, is aimed at the "21Century Maritime Silk Road" initiative, w88 online sports betting has also responded positively. Indonesian President Joko clearly emphasized that w88 online sports betting should be built into a "world maritime axis" and promoted its "marine power strategy". He has repeatedly stated that the development plan of w88 online sports betting into a "global maritime fulcrum" will be consistent with the development plan advocated by China21The Century Maritime Silk Road is fully connected. During the subsequent establishment of the AIIB, w88 online sports betting also showed a positive attitude. The reason is that w88 online sports betting regards the rapidly rising China as an important opportunity for its development and can fully ride on China's express train of economic development. This is also an important reason for w88 online sports betting's active performance in the preparations for the establishment of the AIIB.
At the regional level, w88 online sports betting is the main engine of ASEAN development. Strengthening strategic mutual trust with w88 online sports betting is an important touchstone for testing the relationship between China and ASEAN. Especially in recent years, the South China Sea issue has become increasingly prominent. A few ASEAN countries have become increasingly prominent in their demands on the South China Sea issue, and even openly or covertly support the United States' pivot to Asia strategy. As the largest ASEAN member, w88 online sports betting is not a claimant to the South China Sea, but it is willing to mediate disputes. This role and relatively detached status enable w88 online sports betting to play the role of "peacemaker" on the South China Sea issue, which helps promote the development of relations between w88 online sports betting and China.
At the global level, as rapidly developing new economies and important developing countries, w88 online sports betting and China have held important meetings in the United Nations,G2018405_18506
Of course, challenges are always present in the relationship between w88 online sports betting and China. Mutual trust between the two countries is far from ideal. The inherent "asymmetry" of the relationship between the two countries makes w88 online sports betting always maintain necessary caution and worry in its relations with China. With the rapid rise of China, some hot-spot territorial sea disputes between China and neighboring countries have become increasingly intensified, and China's determination and confidence in safeguarding national sovereignty and interests have also increased. Especially since the United States implemented the Asia-Pacific strategic rebalancing, the geopolitical environment faced by w88 online sports betting has become increasingly complex. Against this background, w88 online sports betting has been cautiously developing its partnership with China.
To sum up, Indonesia has always attracted the attention of the international community for its strong economic vitality in Southeast Asia where there are many small countries. Its middle power diplomacy has also achieved great success, and its international status has been increasingly improved. However, Indonesia's economic development also faces many bottlenecks, and domestic politics are still in the process of transformation. As the center of international power shifts to the Asia-Pacific region, especially after the United States' high-profile return to the Asia-Pacific region, the geopolitical game in the Asia-Pacific region has become increasingly complex. If it continues to pursue a balanced diplomatic strategy among great powers and plays the role of a middle power in the Asia-Pacific region where great powers gather, Indonesia may have to make more efforts. It still takes time to tell where the new President Joko Widodo, who is currently known for his reforming spirit and simple temperament, will take this "Asian Tiger". (The author is a lecturer and PhD at the w88 casino of International Relations, w88 casino)
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