Unlimited w88 online casino are not in the interest of the majority

Chen Hao

(Source: "Economic Daily" Date:2014-09-11）

Recently, under the banner of "fighting for democracy and protecting the right to unconditional universal suffrage", Hong Kong's pan-democrats have carried out a series of actions intended to create chaos in Hong Kong. A typical manifestation is the "Occupy Central Action".

Elections must not harm national security

A prerequisite question is, can w88 online casino override national interests? Which so-called "people pursuing democracy" propose "universal suffrage that conforms to universal international standards"? What does conforming to universal international standards mean? The fundamental principled standard is that w88 online casino cannot harm the fundamental interests of the country, endanger national security, or infringe on national sovereignty and territorial integrity. If such a person is nominated or even elected as the local chief executive, not only will the national interests be infringed, but it will also ultimately bring about a serious setback in the economic and social development of the region.

There is a current trend of thought that talks about "democracy" and "voting", which is good, and the more "democratic" the better. It is believed that w88 online casino will inevitably bring freedom, and more w88 online casino will be able to protect the welfare of more people. But many times this so-called "democracy" is unreliable, unreal or even meaningless. It is necessary to completely break the superstition of the so-called "completely w88 online casino" theoretically. The theory of "voting" ineffectiveness demonstrated by Western economists - the "voting paradox" points out the difficulties and welfare losses that unpredicated w88 online casino will inevitably encounter.

Simply speaking, the voting paradox refers to the obstacles that may be encountered in the process of converting individual choices to collective choices through the "majority principle". This obstacle mainly refers to the non-transitive nature of the results. Under the simple voting principle of majority rule, there may not be a stable and consistent result.

Democratic voting is often not trustworthy

Rational preferences must satisfy the property of transitivity to a large extent, that is, if for someone, the preferenceAMore than preferenceB,preferenceBMore than preferenceC, then he will definitely get his preferenceAMore than preferenceC. In other wordsAThe utility brought to this person is greater thanCThe utility brought about. However, the transitivity of preferences often cannot be realized in the so-called "democratic" system where many people vote and the minority obeys the majority, because the structure of multiple people's preferences is difficult to predict. For example100Human targeting planAHe planBVote,AWinning can be shownATo this100It is more beneficial to increase the welfare of most people, also for the planBHe planCVote,BWinning can lead to similar conclusions. but not carried outAandCCannot be obtained by transitivity before votingADefinitely better thanC's conclusion, because it is likely that among these voters, some are inAandBNo choice betweenB, because compared toBI like it moreA, but probably many people’s favorite isC. RightBandCThe same situation exists. Therefore, when faced with only a limited set of options to choose from, if the structure of voters with different welfare needs cannot be clearly understood, the voting results are often no longer credible, and so-called democracy may not necessarily be able to achieve greater benefits for the majority of voters.

Nobel Laureate in Economics Arrow (Kenneth Joseph Arrow) further studied the problem of voting paradox and proposed the famous "Arrow's Impossibility Theorem". Using rigorous economic and mathematical theoretical deductions, he concluded that there is no way to ensure efficiency, respect personal preferences, and do not rely on procedures (agenda) majority rule voting scheme.

Prerequisite for universal suffrage: the chief executive loves the country and loves Hong Kong

This is also the reason why we need to set up preconditions for universal suffrage in Hong Kong, because if the democratic voting system can really bring welfare improvements to the vast majority of the people, it is necessary to add the "procedures" that this voting mechanism relies on on the basis of a "democratic mechanism" that combines voting and the principle of majority submission. This is reflected in the need to set up prerequisites for universal suffrage in Hong Kong: candidates for the chief executive must be patriotic and love Hong Kong. It can be seen that this is not only a requirement that w88 online casino should not violate national interests, but also a requirement to ensure that the chief executive is ultimately elected in the interests of the vast majority of Hong Kong people.

Some so-called "democrats" in Hong Kong advocate universal suffrage that is "in line with international standards", but they do not know that if those chief executives who intend to split the country are really elected, it will not only harm the overall interests of the country, but also do harm to Hong Kong itself.

Economists in Western countries, where most people believe that democracy has made significant progress, have even come up with the "Arrow's Impossibility Theorem" after observing the long-term democratic voting mechanism to remind voters that there is a "paradox" in voting. I think we should have more reasons and beliefs to steadily promote the democratic process, and we should have the confidence to adhere to the central government's policy of universal suffrage in Hong Kong. w88 online casino without prerequisites will theoretically yield results that are not in the interests of the majority, and may bring instability to the country in reality. This is why w88 online casino must have prerequisites.

(The author is from w88 casinoInstitute of International EconomicsLecturer)

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