Effective connection between talent w88 live casino and industrial w88 live casino
Li Changan
(Source: "China Education News" Date:2013Year9month2日）
In recent years, the problem of employment difficulties for college students has gradually emerged and has become one of the prominent issues in the field of higher education and employment in our country. There are many reasons why it is difficult for college students to find employment, but the inability of the talent w88 live casino to effectively connect with the industrial w88 live casino and the unsynchronized pace of changes and adjustments between the two, resulting in a disconnect between the supply and demand of talents, are undoubtedly one of the most important reasons.
From19999371_942920009457_94814%, arrived2012In 2009, more than 100,000 people had a college degree12%. And in the past ten years or so, the growth rate has been approximately1Among the 9621_9653 billion working-age population, the working-age population with college education has increased by approximately8000Ten thousand. It can be seen that the expansion of university enrollment has played a key role in changing the academic w88 live casino of my country's labor force.
Problems in changes in industrial w88 live casino restricting the employment of college students
While the talent w88 live casino is changing, my country's industrial w88 live casino adjustment is also continuing to occur. However, there are deviations between changes in industrial w88 live casino and changes in talent w88 live casino in many aspects, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
First of all, the economic development model has remained unchanged for a long time, and the upgrade rate of labor-intensive industries is too slow, weakening the ability of economic growth to absorb employment for college students. For a long time, my country's economic development model has stayed in the extensive stage. Although various measures have been taken to promote the transformation of the economic development model, the results have not been obvious. Its main feature is that it relies on large-scale investment rather than expanding consumption to drive economic growth. The contribution rate of investment to the national economy far exceeds the contribution rate of consumption in most years. The main direction of my country’s investment is concentrated in labor-intensive enterprises and “railways, highways, airports” and other aspects. Although these industries also have certain demand for high-end labor, most of the demand is for labor that does not require high academic qualifications and skills. Just take the real estate industry, a representative labor-intensive industry, as an example200012378_1239347518Wanjia, employees are1994.3Ten thousand people. to201112496_1251172280home, and the number of employed people has also jumped to3852.5Ten thousand people, almost doubled in ten years. As a result, in my country's labor market, there has been a strange phenomenon of "labor shortage" for the general labor force, mainly migrant workers, but "difficulty in employment" for college graduates.
Secondly, the development of the tertiary industry is seriously lagging behind, hindering the employment demand for college students. Generally speaking, the tertiary industry is the industry that attracts the most jobs for college students. Not only are college students employed in the traditional tertiary industry, but even those employed in industrial enterprises are mostly engaged in research and development, design, branding, marketing, management, etc. That is, they are employed in the production and service industry, which is essentially employment in the tertiary industry. The vast majority of college students employed in agriculture and rural areas are employed in rural tertiary industries such as science and technology, education, health, culture, transportation, and management.
Although my country's tertiary industry has developed, it is still relatively lagging behind the rapidly developing national economy, currently only accounting forGDPof45%About. Compared with international levels, the gap is even more obvious. At present, the output value and employment proportion of the primary industry in developed countries have both dropped to5%below, and the output value and employment proportion of the tertiary industry have reached65%Above. The development of my country's tertiary industry is seriously lagging behind, leaving a large number of labor forces stranded in the primary and secondary industries. What should attract more attention is that in recent years, despite the endless emergence of various industrial revitalization and encouraging policies, the development of the tertiary industry has shown a relatively lagging or even regressive trend. Since the reform and opening up1978Year to Year2012Year35During the year, the secondary industry had18In more than half of the year, the growth rate will exceed that of the tertiary industry. in2006Year to Year2010During the year, the secondary industry grew on average every year12.1%, average annual growth of the tertiary industry11.9%, the tertiary industry is slower than the secondary industry0.2Percentage points. Especially2008Effective from the end of the year4Since the trillion-yuan economic stimulus plan, the growth rate of the secondary industry has been faster than the growth rate of the tertiary industry, among which2009New Year is coming0.6Percentage points,2010Expanded to2.7Percentage points,2011The year is1.7Percentage points.201215078_15125
Secondly, in terms of industrial regional w88 live casino, the imbalance of my country’s industrial regional layout limits the scope of employment for college students. On the one hand, my country's college students are mainly concentrated in developed areas and central cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Xi'an. Although these areas have strong employability and many employment opportunities for college students, they generally face problems of excessive population pressure and insufficient resource and environmental carrying capacity. On the other hand, areas such as western regions, rural areas, and grassroots areas where industries are underdeveloped but have strong demand for college students are far from attractive to college students. It is also worth noting that in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian and other regions with relatively developed industries in my country, the number of college students in the labor force is still low. The over-concentration of college students has led to a severe employment situation in some areas, while other regions and departments are unable to recruit the college students they need.
Finally, the professional w88 live casino of universities does not match the needs of industrial structural adjustment. Many domestic universities only pursue the goal of building research universities or comprehensive universities, without setting up disciplines according to their own strengths and social needs. Instead, they have added popular majors such as law and finance. In addition, they do not have a good teaching staff, resulting in graduates of popular majors becoming "unpopular graduates." The phenomenon of convergence in majors in colleges and universities is prominent, resulting in a serious surplus of talents in some majors. According to information released by the Ministry of Education,201216839_168581850pieces. However, compared with the strong demand for additional majors, the number of undergraduate majors canceled nationwide in the same year was only32number, and in2006Year to Year201117014_170442013China College Student Employment Report" disclosed,2013The undergraduate employment red card majors (that is, majors with low employment rates, low salaries, and oversupply) include animation, law, biotechnology, biological science and engineering, mathematics and applied mathematics, physical education, bioengineering, English, etc. What’s more noteworthy is that these majors have been ranked among the top 10 majors for three consecutive years (2011-2013) are all red card majors for employment.
At the same time, due to the lag in vocational and technical education, there is a general lack of specialized talents urgently needed for industrial development in our country, and the shortage of skilled workers is serious. According to statistics, currently only workers in my country who have obtained national vocational qualification certificates and have a considerable level of skills account for only 1% of all urban employees33%, highly skilled talents including senior technicians, technicians, and senior technicians only account for 10% of skilled workers21%, and these two proportions in developed countries are50% above and30％。
Four major measures to adjust the relationship between talent w88 live casino and industrial w88 live casino
It can be seen from the above analysis that the reason for the difficulty in finding employment for college students in our country is mainly due to the misalignment between the educational w88 live casino and the industrial w88 live casino. To solve this problem, we must not only adjust the industrial w88 live casino, but also work hard to adjust the educational w88 live casino. In other words, we must work on both the "supply" and "demand" aspects at the same time, and a two-pronged approach can truly and effectively alleviate the problem of college students' employment difficulties. To do this, the following tasks must be done:
First, accelerate the pace of transformation of the economic development model so that the national economic growth can transform from an investment-driven model to a consumption-driven model as soon as possible. my country's current investment-driven development model of national economic growth has made economic growth's demand for ordinary labor much higher than the demand for high-quality talents, mainly college students. In contrast, the main characteristics of the consumption-driven economic development model are its emphasis on innovation, service and quality. It is a new path of integration of informatization, modern service industry and low-carbon development to satisfy residents' higher-level material and spiritual pursuits. There is no doubt that this will greatly expand the employment space for college students and increase their employment channels.
Second, accelerate the pace of upgrading the industrial w88 live casino and increase the proportion of the tertiary industry as soon as possible. The tertiary industry covers all industries except agriculture, industry, and construction, including transportation, finance, education, tourism and other industrial sectors. In recent years, the tertiary industry has been playing the main role in attracting college students. Especially with the development of emerging service industries and network services, it has played an important role in promoting the employment of college students. The tertiary industry is also a major industrial sector that attracts college students to start their own businesses and promotes entrepreneurship to create employment. At present, we should rely on the strategic deployment of vigorously promoting new urbanization to promote faster and better development of the tertiary industry. According to a study by the National Development and Reform Commission, every time the urbanization rate increases1percentage points, the number of employment in the tertiary industry will increase600More than 10,000 people; and as the urbanization rate increases, the employment ratio of the tertiary industry will increase at an increasing rate.
Third, in the process of industrial w88 live casino adjustment, more attention should be paid to the rationality of regional layout to disperse the employment pressure of college students. Judging from the employment intentions of college students, the vast majority of college students are willing to go to companies with good corporate benefits, high wages and stable positions. However, most of the companies with strong competitiveness and good remuneration in our country are located in central cities and eastern regions, causing the employment areas of college students to be too concentrated. However, due to the underdeveloped industrial economy in the vast western region, even if the country has introduced a series of encouraging policies, it is difficult to attract more college students to join. Therefore, in the adjustment of my country's industrial w88 live casino, more attention should be paid to the balance of regional development of industries.
Fourth, vigorously adjust the educational w88 live casino to make higher education more suitable for the needs of economic development and industrial w88 live casino adjustment. Colleges and universities should proactively face the labor market, carefully investigate the current situation of the labor market, scientifically predict labor market needs, promptly adjust majors and hierarchical structures, and continuously promote the optimization of talent structures. Strengthen the autonomy of majors in colleges and universities, change the problem of unreasonable majors, prevent the trend of homogeneity in colleges and universities, highlight the characteristics and advantages, and improve the employability and social adaptability of college students. Put vocational education in a particularly important position and subdivide comprehensive colleges, professional colleges, higher vocational colleges, etc. Colleges and universities focusing on vocational and technical education should be oriented to social needs and focus on cultivating students' professional qualities and skills.
(The author is director and associate professor of the Department of Labor and Social Security, w88 casino of Public Administration, w88 casino, and postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
Attachment: Original report link
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