(Source: "Qiushi" March 16, 2026)

In recent years, economic globalization has encountered countercurrents. w88 protectionism and unilateralism have continued to spread. A few Western countries have politicized, instrumentalized, and weaponized economic and w88 issues, exacerbating global w88 uncertainty. At the same time, the economic and w88 power of countries in the Global South has grown stronger, and the new round of scientific and technological revolution has accelerated its penetration and integration into the economic and w88 field, accumulating new momentum and vitality for the development of international economic and w88. The global w88 pattern has undergone profound changes in the process of intertwined contradictions and transformation of driving forces. In response to the new changes in global w88, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that China's determination to expand high-level opening up will not change, its determination to share development opportunities with the world will not change, and its determination to promote economic globalization in a more open, inclusive, universally beneficial, balanced, and win-win direction will not change. It is of great significance to unswervingly promote economic globalization, promote the common development of the world with China's high-level opening up, and inject more certainty and positive energy into international economic and w88 cooperation.

一

Currently, economic globalization has entered a period of deep adjustment, and the traditional w88 pattern has undergone tremendous changes, which are reflected in fundamental changes in w88 promotion paradigms, w88 development priorities, w88 competition methods, and w88 growth drivers, showing four distinctive characteristics.

The w88 promotion paradigm has shifted from global expansion to regional contraction. In the past, the global w88 promotion paradigm was based on the global layout of value chains that gave priority to cost efficiency, and multilateralism was the general trend. Now the United States continues to escalate w88 protectionism, maliciously paralyzes the World w88 Organization's appellate body, and severely impacts the global production and supply chain. As a result, security and resilience have become the priorities of multinational companies' global layout, and the w88 promotion paradigm has gradually shown a trend of regional shrinkage. On the one hand, w88 flows shift from global division of labor to intra-regional circulation. The proportion of intraregional w88 in North America and East Asia has expanded. The U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement that took effect in 2020 has expanded intraregional w88 in North America. Mexico and Canada have become the top two trading partners of the United States. w88 in the China-ASEAN Free w88 Area has grown rapidly. Since 2020, ASEAN has surpassed the EU and the United States has become China's largest trading partner for six consecutive years. On the other hand, political stance and value factors have gradually become the focus of w88 access. The United States implements preferential w88 arrangements with its allies and so-called "friendly countries" and implements "decoupling and disconnection" with geopolitical opponents. Entrepreneur w88 and third-zone curve w88 have emerged in large quantities, which has increased the complexity of global w88 and posed severe challenges to the global multilateral trading system.

The focus of w88 development has shifted from the dominance of developed countries to the balanced development of "North and South". In the past, developed countries relied on their strong capital and technological strength to deploy low-end manufacturing in the Global South through industrial transfer. At the same time, they consumed a large number of high-quality and low-priced products made in the Global South, establishing a global w88 division of labor and final consumption system as its core. Currently, this model has changed. The w88 status of southern countries has increased, and they are gradually driving the development of global w88 together with developed countries. In terms of w88 share, the global share of goods w88 among G7 countries has continued to decline from more than 45% at the beginning of this century to around 30% currently, while the share of emerging economies has increased from 23% to 42%. From the perspective of w88 growth, the w88 growth rate of countries in the global South exceeds that of developed countries, especially the rapid growth of exports. In the first half of 2025, the export growth rate was 5.2%, far exceeding the 1.8% growth rate of developed countries. From the perspective of the w88 market, in the past, 80% of the world's final consumer demand came from developed countries. Now, domestic consumer demand in emerging markets is rising, and more than 57% of southern countries' export destinations are other southern countries. The monopoly of the "final consumers" in developed countries continues to weaken. For example, the United States' import and export share in China has dropped from nearly 20% at its peak to 8.8% in 2025, while the "Belt and Road" co-building countries have risen to 51.9%.

 

In 2025, the global South will play an important role in maintaining and strengthening the multilateral trading system and promoting economic globalization to be more inclusive and inclusive, becoming an important force in reshaping the global w88 pattern. As a natural member of the global South, China's total import and export value of goods w88 in 2025 will be 45.47 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.8%. It has maintained growth for nine consecutive years since 2017. The picture shows the Longtan Container Terminal of Nanjing Port of Jiangsu Port Group taken on December 14, 2025 (drone photo). Xinhua News Agency/Photo by Yang Suping

The mode of w88 competition has shifted from shaping comparative advantages to competing for dominance in formulating rules. In the past, relying on production cost control to bring comparative advantages centered on high-quality and low-price goods was the magic weapon for winning w88. Nowadays, in addition to commodity price games, rule-regulated games with the right to speak on technical standards as the core have suddenly emerged. While using traditional competition methods such as tariffs and anti-dumping and countervailing duties to protect industries, a few Western countries have also increased their application of rules to seek dominance in w88 competition. The current U.S. government frequently uses "reciprocal tariffs" not only to protect its own industrial interests, but also to coerce competitors to make concessions in digital technology, key minerals, and domestic w88 rules. The EU's implementation of carbon tariffs forces w88 partner countries' products to comply with EU low-carbon standards and strengthens its rule dominance on climate change issues.

The driving force for w88 growth has shifted from scale expansion to value growth. The growth in w88 in goods that originally relied on large-scale production based on resource endowments has gradually shifted to being driven by the increase in commodity value brought about by w88 service-oriented, green and digitalization. w88 in services has increasingly become the most dynamic component of global w88. From cross-border delivery of services to overseas consumption, service w88 has expanded rapidly. From 2019 to 2024, the average annual growth rate of global service w88 exports was 6.7%, which was significantly higher than the 4.1% average annual growth rate of global w88 in goods, becoming an important driving force for w88 growth. Digitalization has significantly empowered w88 growth. The application of technologies such as artificial intelligence in the entire life cycle of product R&D, production, management and services has rapidly improved the technical content of products and market response efficiency. The improvement of digital infrastructure and the rise of digital w88 platforms have given rise to the "disintermediation" cross-border e-commerce model and become a new driving force for the growth of goods w88. Taking China as an example, cross-border e-commerce imports and exports in 2025 will be 2.75 trillion yuan, an increase of 69.7% over 2020. Greening creates a new w88 track. Whoever can provide green products will have the right to w88 development under the constraints of resources and environment. Global green w88 will exceed US$5 trillion in 2024, accounting for 18% of total global w88.

二

The changes in the global w88 pattern are the inevitable result of the great changes in the original global politics, economy, science and technology and other fields. The root cause is the mutual influence and comprehensive effect of driving factors such as the recognition of economic globalization, balance of power, technological revolution, and productivity development.

Some major Western countries have politicized economic and w88 cooperation and used w88 as a geopolitical game tool. The United States simply blames its own w88 deficit, unemployment, huge federal debt and other chronic problems on the global w88 division of labor system. It has shown strong protectionism and unilateralism in its foreign economic policy, unilaterally emphasized its own national interests and generalized national security. It politicized and ideologically politicized w88 policy with a Cold War mentality, distinguished w88 camps based on the so-called "democracy and human rights" values, and regarded countries that did not accept American values ​​as geopolitical threats and carried out w88 suppression. In particular, the current U.S. government frequently wields tariffs in an attempt to force other countries to sign new w88 agreements that are in line with U.S. interests and force industries to return to the U.S. It uses differential tariff pressure on industries that cannot return to the U.S. to force the industrial chain to shift from "non-ally countries" to so-called "like-minded countries." Under the pressure of anti-globalization w88 policies, multinational companies are forced to change the original w88 division of labor, reconstruct regional production and supply chains while taking safety and resilience into consideration, and increase the scale of intra-regional procurement, thus leading to major changes in the global w88 pattern.

The rise of countries in the Global South has demonstrated its powerful power to reshape the global w88 pattern. With the rise of countries in the Global South, the traditional w88 division of labor in which developed countries occupy high-end production capacity and transfer low-end manufacturing outwards has been substantially restructured. Some countries in the Global South have gradually become major global production capacity centers and technology iteration sites, accumulating a large-scale and well-established w88 industry foundation, forming the strength to reshape the global w88 pattern. The industrial structure of some emerging economies has been upgraded to medium- and high-tech manufacturing, digitalization, intelligence and greening are booming, and the development generation gap with developed countries has been greatly narrowed. Countries in the Global South are committed to building a fair and reasonable South-South cooperation mechanism, exerting collective action through the "BRICS+" and "SCO+" mechanisms, proactively setting global economic and w88 issues, strengthening cooperation in production and supply chains, and enhancing their voice in international w88 governance, so as to maintain the ability and resilience to influence changes in the w88 pattern despite weak demand and w88 suppression in developed countries.

A new round of scientific and technological revolution is booming, reshaping the way of global w88 competition. The new round of technological revolution has shifted the focus of w88 competition from strengthening price advantages to focusing on technological content. Originally, commodity competition focused on cost reductions brought about by utilizing factor endowments such as land, labor, and raw materials for large-scale production. Today, the inherent time lag between technological change and business cycles continues to shorten, and the competitiveness of a large number of traded goods is determined by the level of technical content instead of cost. Especially as digital intelligence technology continues to deepen its penetration and integration capabilities into industrial upgrading and energy transformation, competition in the w88 of goods and services in high-tech fields such as chips, artificial intelligence, life sciences, deep sea, aerospace, and new energy has become increasingly fierce, and w88 competitive advantages are increasingly manifested as high-tech competitive advantages. w88 rules corresponding to technology have become an important means to maintain competitive advantages. Standard rules such as environmental protection, cross-border data flow, and intellectual property rights have constituted new w88 barriers, causing the mode of international w88 competition to shift from a product cost game to a "technology-rules" dual game.

The global productivity transition and the consensus on climate and environmental governance have brought new momentum to international w88. The productivity leap continues to open up new space for w88 growth through industrial transformation and upgrading, digital intelligence integration and penetration, and green value orientation. The jump in global productivity is reflected in the accelerated upgrading of industrial structure, the trend of service-oriented manufacturing industry is strengthening, selling products has gradually transformed into selling "products + services", and the added value of w88 is more reflected in the added value of services. It is reflected in the integration and penetration of digital intelligence in various fields. Cloud computing, the Internet, and cross-border payments break the time and space restrictions of w88. Big data and blockchain technology achieve precise docking of w88 supply and demand. Digital platforms integrate R&D, manufacturing, logistics, finance, and after-sales links, allowing global enterprises and consumers to form trust links and expand the number of participants in digital w88. It is also reflected in the greening and intensification of the economy. Under the requirements of global climate change and environmental crisis governance, global green procurement and consumption have become more and more conscious. In addition, governments of various countries have vigorously promoted green and low-carbon transformation, encouraged green w88, and driven w88 in green products and services to become an important growth point.

三

In the face of changes in global w88, China should take the initiative to take the initiative to shape and safeguard the interests of global common development amid the changes. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that as a major contributor to world economic growth and an anchor of stability, China will unswervingly expand high-level opening up to the outside world and safeguard the multilateral trading system. We must adhere to multilateralism, rely on institutional openness and use w88 upgrades as the driving force, coordinate development and security, and build a response system that is consistent with national conditions and echoes the responsibilities of major countries.

Advocate for inclusive economic globalization and promote the development of global free w88. We must resolutely safeguard the multilateral trading system based on rules and with the World w88 Organization as its core, actively participate in the reform of the WTO, safeguard its core values ​​and basic principles, and promote the dispute settlement mechanism to resume normal operation as soon as possible. Build a high-level free w88 area network, activate and explore paths to realize the Asia-Pacific Free w88 Area, upgrade existing free w88 agreements, deeply couple infrastructure connectivity with mutual recognition of standards and rules, and industry and w88 cooperation, and stabilize the regional value network. Continue to release ultra-large market dividends to the world, lead the trend of global openness and cooperation, hedge against the countercurrent of decoupling and isolation, steadily provide high-tech, high-standard, and high-quality intermediates and final products, and inject Chinese power into global w88 development and supply chain resilience. Expand w88 and investment liberalization and facilitation with other countries and regions around the world, deepen international coordination in customs, inspection and quarantine, cross-border payment and other fields, and jointly create an open and inclusive international w88 environment.

Deepen institutional openness and enhance the right to speak in the competition of international w88 rules. Efforts will be made to promote the institutional opening up of rules, regulations, management, and standards, implement the free w88 pilot zone improvement strategy, build the Hainan Free w88 Port to high standards, proactively connect with international high-standard economic and w88 rules, and conduct pilot trials, focusing on intellectual property protection, electronic certification, government procurement, green and low-carbon and other fields, and explore the connection and compatibility of domestic rules with internationally accepted rules. Actively shape international w88 rules and propose Chinese solutions in digital w88 facilitation, cross-border data flow, mutual recognition of green standards, resilience of production and supply chains, and new energy. Strengthen international green and low-carbon cooperation, establish product carbon footprint accounting standards and certification systems that are in line with international standards, and promote the green and low-carbon transformation of w88. In the competition of global w88 rules, we should actively safeguard the interests of countries in the Global South, promote the applicability of principles such as special and differential treatment and fair development space, enhance the say of developing countries in rules, and promote more fair and equitable international w88 governance.

Promote the improvement and upgrading of w88 and strengthen new momentum for w88. Promote the high-quality development of service w88, implement the negative list of national cross-border service w88, encourage the export of professional services such as R&D and design, consulting, finance, accounting, and law, support the development of cross-border service outsourcing in the fields of new energy, digital intelligence, biomedicine, low-carbon environmental protection, and engineering design, and cultivate the "Chinese Service" brand. Promote the high-quality development of digital w88, consolidate the construction of digital infrastructure, launch the construction of national digital w88 demonstration zones, cultivate leading digital w88 companies, promote the unmanned and intelligent transformation of overseas warehouses, and improve w88 efficiency. Vigorously develop green w88, build a "full life cycle" green w88 system, promote the low-carbon transformation of high-energy-consuming industries and the coordination of green product w88, consolidate the "three new" exports, support the export of emerging green intermediate products such as green hydrogen energy equipment, offshore wind power modules and bio-based new materials, and expand new advantages in green w88.

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