(Source: "China Petroleum Enterprise Magazine" 2024-10-24)

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“The global energy transition will continue to advance，The energy system will be dominated by renewable energy、Multiple energy sources coexist、The terminal electrification rate has increased significantly、Changes in the direction of widespread application of hydrogen energy。”

Any questions，It’s not about how big the problem is，The key lies in how to implement the solution path。In the past ten years，Major countries in the world have begun to pay attention to addressing global climate change，Adopt various policies and measures to stimulate the development of energy transformation，Attach importance to new energy technology innovation、Energy saving and efficiency improvement and energy digitalization construction，Accelerate the promotion of low-carbon development and achieve carbon neutrality goals by expanding government investment and private investment。

International climate cooperation continues to strengthen

Countries around the world，To form a unified action，Must reach consensus。Energy transformation is an extremely complex and extremely large social system project，The core is through the formulation and innovation of institutional frameworks and policy measures，Promote the development of renewable energy，Reduce greenhouse gas emissions，Promote the entire social economy towards high energy efficiency、Model transformation of low energy consumption and low carbon emissions，Ultimately achieve the goal of carbon neutrality。But，It is difficult for anything to develop smoothly，The goal of carbon neutrality is even less likely to be successfully achieved，Humanity is bound to face many challenges，It requires arduous efforts from all countries in the world。Currently，Most countries or economies in the world have begun to pay attention to or pay attention to the issue of climate change，From the perspective of global economies’ commitment to achieve carbon neutrality goals，The scope is huge enough，Basically covers 88% of global carbon dioxide emissions，Covering 90% of the world’s GDP and 85% of the world’s population。

Developed countries in the process of energy transition，At the forefront of the world，EU、Developed countries such as the United States and Japan are responding to global climate change，Take a proactive stance，Develop energy transition strategies and policies。From the perspective of improving international competitiveness in the low-carbon transition economic development model and seeking to have the right to speak and lead in formulating a new round of global low-carbon economic development rules，Developed countries in promoting energy transition and low-carbon economic development，A lot of manpower has been invested、Material w88 online live casinoand financial resources，And achieved obvious results。Energy transition process，This is also the process of continuous reshaping of international rules for energy development。Conceivable，Currently, developed countries are trying to gain international competitive advantages through energy transformation and low-carbon economic development innovation，And leadership in setting the “rules of the game” for energy transition and low-carbon economic development，Influence the future response to global climate change、Energy Transformation、Low carbon economy、Green finance and green trade trends，Essentially becoming the global climate、Leader in Economic and Energy Governance。For the vast number of developing countries，Due to the long-term growth model of "high carbon economy"，Will inevitably be at a disadvantage in the process of dealing with global climate change and energy transition，Economic development will face tremendous pressure in the future。However，No matter how much pressure there is，What a bumpy journey，It is impossible to hinder the energy transition process，Because energy transition is related to human morality and ethics，Related to human survival and development，The general trend，Unavoidable。Currently，The global energy transition is accelerating，Energy consumption growth slows down，The proportion of non-fossil energy consumption continues to increase，The energy transformation effect of developed countries is better than that of developing countries，The EU’s transformation trend is more obvious。Judging from the judgments of many international institutions in recent years and the strategic goals of carbon neutrality established by countries around the world，Global energy transformation will continue to advance，The energy system will be dominated by renewable energy、Multiple energy sources coexist、The terminal electrification rate has increased significantly、Changes in the direction of widespread application of hydrogen energy。In the next few decades，Human beings need to gradually get rid of the lifestyle and production methods of high consumption and excessive demands for the earth's resources and energy，An ecosystem must be established、Environment、The synergistic relationship between climate and energy development，Achieve sustainable development of human economy and society，This is the historical trend and trend，It is also the consensus of all mankind at present。

The proportion of non-fossil energy in global primary energy consumption continues to increase

According to the International Energy Agency's "World Energy Outlook 2021"，The proportion of renewable energy will increase from 12% in 2020 to 67% in 2050，The proportion of nuclear energy increased from 5% to 11%，The proportion of fossil energy dropped from 79% to 23%，Global terminal energy electrification rate increased from 20% to 49%，Hydrogen energy rises from zero to 6%。

1.Overall，The proportion of global non-fossil energy consumption continues to increase from an overall perspective，During the period 2012-2022，Global primary energy consumption is 527.97 exajoules increased to 604.04 exajoules，Increased by 6.80%，The average annual growth rate is not too large；The proportion of global non-fossil energy consumption in global primary energy consumption increased from 13.85% increased to 18.21%，Increased by 4.36 percentage points，The improvement is very obvious。It can be seen from this，Global primary energy consumption is growing slowly，Indicates that energy consumption may gradually reach a peak，w88 slotAnd the proportion of global non-fossil energy in global primary energy consumption is steadily increasing，This is clearly a good sign for the energy transition。

2.Developed countries，The proportion of non-fossil energy consumption is increasing rapidly from the perspective of developed countries，During the period 2012-2022，Primary energy consumption from 232.37 exajoules increased to 234.42 exajoules，Basically maintained a stable trend w88 online casinoin the past 10 years；The proportion of non-fossil energy consumption in primary energy consumption increased from 18.44% increased to 22.55%，Increased by 4.11 percentage points。Judging from the above data，Primary energy consumption in developed countries enters the platform area，The proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption is steadily increasing，Explains the obvious trend of energy transformation in developed countries。In developed countries，EU during 2012-2022，Primary energy consumption from 63.27 exajoules reduced to 58.18 exajoules，Reduced by 0.80%，Basically maintaining a stable situation；The proportion of non-fossil energy consumption in primary energy consumption increased from 24.75% increased to 28.72%，Increased by 3.97 percentile。It can be seen from this，EU primary energy consumption shows a downward trend，The proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption is also steadily increasing，Explanation that the EU is at the forefront of the world in energy transformation。

3.Developing countries，The transformation of non-fossil energy consumption is accelerating compared with developed countries，Developing countries are at a disadvantage in energy transition，But the transformation is also accelerating。During the period 2012-2022，Primary energy consumption in developing countries is 295.59 exajoules increased to 369.62 exajoules，Increased by 25.04%，The average annual growth rate is relatively stable；The proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption continues to rise，by 10.25% increased to 15.45%，Increased by 5.2 percentage points。

The proportion of non-fossil energy power generation in global power generation continues to increase

The core of energy transformation is to vigorously develop non-fossil energy power generation，In particular, vigorously develop renewable energy power generation，Gradually replace thermal power generation with renewable energy generation，And eventually become the dominant power source in the global power system。

1.Overall，Global non-fossil energy power generation continues to increase during 2012-2022，Overall view，Global power generation is 22832.9 terawatt hours increased to 29165.1 terawatt hour，Increased by 27.73%，The average annual growth rate is relatively stable；The proportion of global non-fossil energy power generation in global power generation increased from 32.06% increased to 39.31%，Increased by 7.25 percentage points，The proportion of non-water renewable energy power generation in global power generation is 8.12% increased to 14.42%，Increased by 6.30 percentage points。Based on the above data analysis，Although global power generation continues to increase，But the global power generation structure has begun to change，The proportion of non-fossil energy, especially non-water renewable energy power generation in global power generation continues to increase，It shows that the global energy transformation has begun to show a clear trend。

2.Developed countries，The proportion of non-fossil energy power generation is rapidly increasing and the power generation structure of developed countries is constantly improving，The energy transition is accelerating。During the period 2012-2022，Power generation in developed countries is 11033.3 terawatt hours increased to 11357.3 terawatt hours，Added 2.94%，The growth rate tends to decrease；The proportion of non-fossil energy power generation in developed countries’ power generation increased from 38.91% increased to 48.80%，Increased by 9.89 percentile，The proportion of non-water renewable energy power generation in power generation is 8.81% increased to 19.00%，Increased by 10.19 percentage points。During this period，The EU is a special economy of developed countries，Power generation by 2931.6 terawatt hours reduced to 2812.0 terawatt hours，Reduced by 0.41%，Basically maintained a stable state；The proportion of non-fossil energy power generation in power generation increased from 54.63% increased to 62.26%，Increased by 7.63 percentage points，The proportion of non-water renewable energy power generation in power generation is 13.18% increased to 28.51%，Increased by 15.33 percentage points。From the data，The EU energy transition trend is very obvious，Not only power generation is declining，w88 slotAnd the proportion of non-fossil energy, especially non-water renewable energy, in power generation is continuing to increase。3.Developing countries，Non-fossil energy power generation increased significantly during 2012-2022，Power generation in developing countries is 11799.6 terawatt hours increased to 17807.9 terawatt hours，Increased by 50.92%，Generally, the growth rate is faster than that of developed countries；The proportion of non-fossil energy power generation in power generation increased from 25.64% increased to 33.39%，Increased by 7.75 percentile，The proportion of non-water renewable energy power generation in power generation is 7.47% increased to 11.49%，Increased by 4.02 percentage points。For developing countries，Although compared with developed countries，Relatively backward in the energy transition process，Especially, the power generation continues to increase，However, there has been a significant improvement in the proportion of non-fossil energy power generation in power generation，It can be said that the overall energy transition has shown a good trend。

Global energy transition investment continues to increase

Investment，Represents development，Heralds the future。According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance’s “Energy Transformation Investment Trends in 2024” report，Global energy transition investment reaches record high in 20231.8 trillion US dollars，17% increase from 2022。From the perspective of investment field，There are obvious differences in global energy transition investment in 2023。

The field with the largest investment scale is electrified transportation，Global investment reaches US$634 billion，36% increase from 2022，Has exceeded renewable energy investment，Becoming the biggest factor driving energy transformation。The second largest investment field is renewable energy，Global investment reaches US$623 billion，An increase of 8% from 2022，The growth momentum is relatively moderate。The third largest area of ​​investment is power grid，Global investment reaches US$310 billion，Become a key investment area to promote energy transformation。The fourth largest area of ​​investment is energy storage，Global investment reaches US$36 billion，A 76% increase from 2022，Growth rate increased rapidly。The fifth largest investment area is carbon capture and storage (CCS)，Global investment reaches US$11.1 billion，Almost double from 2022，Obvious growth。The sixth largest field of investment is hydrogen energy，Global investment reaches US$10.4 billion，2 times more than 2022，Growth rate increased significantly。From the perspective of investment country，There are imbalances in the distribution of global energy transition investment。2023，China’s energy transformation investment reaches US$676 billion，The United States reaches $303 billion，EU reaches $340 billion，UK reaches $74 billion，Brazil、Countries such as Japan and India have exceeded US$30 billion。Historical experience tells us，Do anything，Everything requires investment，Especially in order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality，Objectively, countries around the world need to be willing to spend money，Willing to give up certain investments，Sacrificing certain vested interests，Must increase financial investment，If you don’t have money，Then don’t expect the carbon neutrality goal to be achieved。According to predictions from authoritative institutions，To achieve the net-zero emissions target of the Paris Agreement，During 2024-2030，Global energy transition investment requires an average of 4 per year.84 trillion US dollars。Currently，Developed countries have increased investment in capital and technological innovation，However, the majority of developing countries generally face funding shortages and technical bottlenecks，Objectively, w88 sports bettingthe international community needs to establish a carbon neutral financial mechanism，Developed countries need to provide financial and technical support to developing countries，Stimulating countries around the world to accelerate energy transformation。Predictable，In the future, all countries in the world will invest themselves and technology，Vigorously develop renewable energy，Actively establish high efficiency、Low carbon、Green and sustainable energy system。

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