In-depth study and practice of the scientific concept of development

[Information] Summary of the speech at the 19th plenary meeting of the Higher Education Advisory Committee directly under the Ministry of Education

Published: March 09, 2009 Edit:

Adhere to reform and innovation and accelerate the construction of distinctive high-level universities

——Summary of the speech at the 19th plenary meeting of the Higher Education Advisory Committee directly under the Ministry of Education

Establish a scientific quality evaluation system

Hong Yinxing, Secretary of the Party Committee of Nanjing University

Implement the scientific outlook on development and propose a transformation of the economic development model in the economy. Creating first-class universities or high-level universities also involves changing development methods. For a long time, our country’s economic development has been one-sidedly pursuing“Quick”, pursuing extension expansion, light weight, speed and efficiency. These issues will also be reflected in higher education. To create a first-class university, we should change the development mode and take a good and fast development path with good words at the forefront. For high-level research universities, an important aspect of implementing the scientific outlook on development is to establish a scientific university quality assurance and evaluation system to guide the transformation of higher education development methods.

The basic advantage of a research university lies in discipline and team building. Disciplines are the base for cultivating talents, the soil for scientific research, and the cradle of knowledge innovation. The idea of discipline construction also has the problem of changing the development mode under the guidance of the scientific outlook on development.

First, scientifically evaluate the first-class disciplines of first-class universities. The reason why world-class universities have a high academic status in the world is not because they are at the forefront of all disciplines, but because they have a number of distinctive and powerful disciplines. Chancellor, University of California, BerkeleyTian ChanglinMr. "" written at Tsinghua University21How to innovate and reorganize research universities in the century" speech report clearly pointed out: Research universities must find ways to support the best disciplines and turn them into the best in the world, and then other disciplines will naturally follow. Schools that have rapidly risen in status in the world are the first to make breakthroughs in one or two fields. It is impossible for a w88 casino to achieve first-class status in many areas at the same time. It must be done sequentially.

Second, the overall evaluation of a research-oriented university cannot only look at the number of disciplines, but not the characteristics of the disciplines. The current evaluation of schools, especially rankings, pays more attention to scale and number of subjects, which leads schools to abandon their characteristics and pursue large and comprehensive schools. This is a reflection of the extensive growth model. This is how engineering colleges now develop liberal arts and sciences, and liberal arts colleges develop engineering. The overall evaluation of the w88 casino should focus on its characteristics and connotation. Whether it is first-rate does not depend on the total number of subjects, but on the proportion of subjects that can enter the top two or three in the country among all the subjects in the w88 casino, rather than the simple sum of subjects. This kind of evaluation can enable colleges and universities to focus on building first-class disciplines and prevent random projects (disciplines).

Third, coordinate the construction of interdisciplinary and key disciplines. Social progress is inseparable from the emergence of new disciplines. Emerging disciplines are generally produced at the intersection of disciplines, and excellent scientific results are often produced at the intersection of disciplines. Discipline construction must pay special attention to the construction of interdisciplinary disciplines. However, the construction and evaluation of existing key disciplines affects the emergence of interdisciplinary disciplines. The reason is that the selection and evaluation of key disciplines are basically based on existing disciplines, or on the existing subject catalog. This orientation of the w88 casino is to strive to build existing disciplines and have no time to consider interdisciplinary subjects. If interdisciplinary subjects are taken seriously in future subject evaluations, the situation will improve.

Fourth, discipline construction and team building are closely integrated. Generally speaking, the level of team building directly affects the level of discipline construction, and high-level disciplines are inseparable from the introduction and training of masters. However, from the perspective of subject construction, the subject team not only needs masters, but also teams. from Nanjing University“Master plus team”The model plays a key role in improving the overall level of the discipline, such as Min Naiben's team that won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award. After this team has sharpened its sword for twenty years,MinMr. also announced the dissolution of this team and asked team members to organize new teams, thus forming many“Master plus team”. New results and new disciplines may be achieved in new“Master plus team”12193_12260

Finally, the economic take-off theory in economics is used to explain the basic conditions required for the construction of high-level universities. Economic take-off is equivalent to the take-off of an airplane, which requires three basic conditions: first, sufficient energy to promote economic take-off, and economic take-off requires sufficient funds to promote economic take-off; second, it requires an engine, and the engines of economic take-off are several leading industries that can drive the development of other industries; third, a good runway and path, and the runway and path suitable for economic take-off is the market economy system. Building a first-class university or a high-level university also requires three basic conditions: first, sufficient investment, second, a number of dominant disciplines that play a leading role, and third, institutional arrangements suitable for the construction of first-class universities.

Exploring the new model of university-industry-university-research alliance

Wang Shuguo, President of Harbin Institute of Technology

Strengthening industry-university-research cooperation is an inevitable requirement for building an innovative country and enhancing independent innovation capabilities. As an important source of innovation in industry-university-research cooperation, universities should give full play to their advantages in knowledge innovation, human resources, experimental facilities, etc., and play an important role in industry-university-research cooperation. Colleges and universities should further emancipate their minds, constantly explore new models of industry-university-research alliances, and take more active actions to engage in industry-university-research cooperation.

For a long time, my country's science and technology, education and economy have never been closely integrated. The low level of industry-university-research integration has led to inefficient use of innovative resources and a lack of industrial development momentum, which has become a bottleneck restricting my country's economic and social development.

First of all, my country's universities and scientific research institutes have gathered a large amount of scientific and technological resources. However, the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements is low, and technological innovation and market demand have not been effectively connected. Secondly, the independent innovation capabilities of Chinese enterprises are not strong, and they lack independent core technologies, independent intellectual property rights and world-renowned brands. Relevant surveys show that at this stage, the innovation of my country's industrial enterprises mainly relies on the introduction of external technology, and generally has not yet entered the development stage of independent innovation. Secondly, the role of innovation platform is not significant. Mainly reflected in:“Two are not close enough”, that is, the connection between the university science park and the source of high-end technology is not close enough, and the combination of technology and capital is not close enough;“Two lacks”, namely the University Engineering Center and the National Technology Transfer Center, lack a scientific management system and operating mechanism, and lack high-quality, well-structured professional management personnel;“Two low”, that is, the level of cutting-edge technologies targeted at industrial development by enterprise technology centers is generally low, and research investment is generally low.

The current breakthrough to enhance my country’s independent innovation capabilities is to establish an industry-university-research alliance. Enterprises are undoubtedly the main body of independent innovation. The industry-university-research alliance is for enterprises to propose market needs, key projects, and raise funds. The initiative of enterprises to innovate independently is the key to promoting the success of industry-university-research alliances. It is necessary to take enterprises as the main body and the market as the guide to accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productivity.

Universities should give full play to their resource advantages such as talents, disciplines, experimental conditions, and international cooperation, and achieve complementary and win-win results by integrating into industry-university-research alliances. Universities should play a source role in industry-university-research cooperation, that is, a source of knowledge——Provides original basis for the entire innovation chain; technology source——Provide scientific and technological power for industrial development; information source——Disseminate the latest technology industry development trends; talent sources——Provide comprehensive support for economic and social development; source of ideas——Being a government think tank and think tank; source of international cooperation——Be a window and bridge for foreign cooperation between society and enterprises.

From a government perspective, first of all, we must effectively raise awareness of the importance of the integration of industry, academia, and research, and further improve the system and mechanism for universities to participate in the integration of industry, academia, and research. Efforts should be made to guide universities and enterprises to achieve four major changes in integrating industry, academia and research and participating in the regional economy: namely, from quantitative expansion to equal emphasis on quantity and quality, with quality improvement as the focus; from individual spontaneous cooperation to a combination of spontaneous and organized cooperation, with organized cooperation as the focus; from project cooperation to a combination of project cooperation and strategic cooperation, with long-term strategic cooperation as the focus; from adaptive cooperation to a combination of adaptability and guidance, with oriented cooperation as the focus. Secondly, it is necessary to form a policy-oriented mechanism that is conducive to promoting the integration of industry, academia and research. It is necessary to establish a scientific evaluation system for colleges and universities, and regard service and contribution as one of the important criteria for evaluating the work of colleges and universities. It is necessary to reform the evaluation mechanism of teachers' work, focusing on the performance of cultivating talents, the quality of scientific research and the performance of knowledge services. Secondly, we need to build an institutional environment that is conducive to promoting the integration of industry, academia and research, and carry out corresponding reforms, adjustments and improvements in key disciplines and degree program applications, talent planning, personnel allocation system reform, etc., to form an incentive mechanism and restraint mechanism that promotes the integration of industry, academia and research.

According to the successful examples and experiences of some domestic universities in integrating industry, academia and research, if the university industry-university-research alliance wants to succeed, it must rely on three basic ways: First, realize“Three implementations”——Funds, talents, and projects must be implemented. The second is to establish“Four platforms”——Technology integration platform, supporting implementation platform, achievement transformation platform and international cooperation platform. The third is to realize“Three combinations”——The combination of technology and demand, the combination of technology and capital, and the combination of personnel and projects.

Increase support for characteristic universities

Deng Xiuxin, President of Huazhong Agricultural University

Based on the reality of our country, focusing on giving full play to the advantages of different types of universities, guiding the classified development of higher education institutions to achieve characteristics and levels, has become a strategic choice for higher education to deeply implement the scientific outlook on development and fulfill its historical mission. Characteristic universities have long relied on the industry and have a number of distinctive and advantageous disciplines or fields that represent the country's advanced level. At the same time, they also have uneven discipline development and weak basic disciplines, especially humanities and social sciences“Shortcomings”. This specific w88 casino situation determines that these schools must“Something to do and something not to do”, take the path of characteristic development, find your position in my country’s higher education system, and create an environment conducive to healthy growth and scientific development.

Reform and Opening Up30In the past few years, characteristic universities have pursued differentiated development, optimized and integrated resources, continuously improved the quality and level of w88 casino running, and gained some valuable experience based on their long-term advantages in running schools in the industry. A study by the Chinese Academy of Engineering showed,“In terms of cultivating high-level engineering and technical talents, a few well-known comprehensive universities and key industry universities have made major contributions”。

Due to many historical and practical reasons, under the increasingly fierce macroeconomic situation of globalized industry development competition and higher education competition, characteristic universities, especially agricultural and forestry universities, are facing many difficulties in the process of developing to a high level. The main manifestations are: first, the communication channels with the original industry authorities are gradually weakening, and a new contact mechanism is urgently needed; second, support for agricultural and forestry universities needs to be strengthened.10years, in“211Engineering”The CCP arranged it in colleges and universities602key discipline construction projects, including agriculture31, only accounted for5%, which is quite different from the actual demand, which has restricted the development of Agriculture and Forestry University; thirdly, there is a shortage of high-quality students in Agriculture and Forestry University, and the situation of students is worrying. Agriculture and forestry are becoming less and less profitable, coupled with social concerns“Farm”’s traditional prejudice, agriculture and forestry majors“Hardness”and service object“Hardness”and other reasons, outstanding high w88 casino graduates are reluctant to apply for these schools; fourth, agriculture and forestry education is highly practical, and training costs are high. Many practical aspects of the teaching setting are difficult to carry out, students lack practice, and their innovation ability is limited.

To build a high-level characteristic university, I would like to make some suggestions:

(1) Incorporate support for high-level characteristic universities into the major strategic development plans for higher education in my country. It is recommended to re-examine the status and role of characteristic universities in the construction of the national economy, cf.“985Engineering”、“211Engineering”, established“Key construction project of high-level characteristic university”, provide special construction funds and special policy support to build a number of high-level characteristic universities that are closely related to the national economy and people's livelihood.

(2) Strengthen the joint construction of ministries and promote the development of high-level characteristic universities. Establish an inter-ministerial coordination mechanism to strengthen communication and coordination between university authorities and industry authorities to solve major problems in the reform and development of characteristic universities; establish a development mechanism for characteristic universities that is led by the government, participated by industry departments, and supported by all sectors of society. The competent authorities favor characteristic universities in terms of distribution of graduate enrollment indicators, special fund arrangements, disciplines and excellent team building. In line with the principles of industry authorities“Guidance, service, support”23876_23941

(3) Policy tilt to increase support for characteristic universities. Considering the history and foundation of characteristic universities, the state and relevant departments should provide key support in investment and increase investment in funding for characteristic universities. except establishment“Key construction project of high-level characteristic university”Outside, should be considered“985Engineering”、“211Engineering”In the project, we will increase support for characteristic universities. In addition, it is recommended to establish“Special Fund for the Development and Construction of High-Level Characteristic Universities”, provide key support to characteristic universities that mainly serve difficult industries. It is recommended that the state introduce preferential policies to encourage and guide enterprises to participate in industry-university-research cooperation in characteristic universities, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and at the same time provide a practical internship base for high-level characteristic universities. In order to attract outstanding students to apply for the agriculture and forestry major, it is recommended to formulate a more flexible and feasible free education system for agriculture and forestry students based on the national policy of free education for normal students, and encourage outstanding and ambitious young people to serve modern agriculture and forestry.

Rethinking the mission of university talent cultivation

Zheng Nanning, President of Xi’an Jiaotong University

How to interpret the connotation of university? How do top universities live up to their reputation? Cultivating and creating outstanding talents is the eternal value pursuit in the connotation of first-class universities, and it is also the charm that makes universities different from other social organizations. Reform and opening up30was the best stage of the development of higher education in China. The scientific research strength of universities was widely recognized by society, and a number of key universities became the main force in my country's scientific research. However, due to the pressure of development, some universities have focused more on scientific research and served society in an impromptu manner. They equate these two functions of universities with the fundamental goal of talent cultivation, confusing the differences between them. If we do not put talent cultivation in a fundamental position and do not have excellent undergraduate education and teaching, we will not be able to maintain the excellence of a first-class university, and it will also bring about the public and college students questioning the values of the university——Who is the university for?

Modern higher education has evolved to this day. While universities adhere to the basic value of talent cultivation, they are also faced with the global academic challenge of innovation becoming the internal driving force of university development and the inevitable trend of enterprises becoming the main body of research and development. As a university, it is necessary to transform appropriately in a timely manner. At the same time, it must maintain a clear understanding and properly handle the relationship between talent training, academic pursuits and social services.

In the transformation period of modern universities, talent cultivation, scientific research and social services are usually regarded as the three basic tasks of universities. From the perspective of the nature of a university, these three are not parallel and equivalent goals, and the university's scientific research and social service practice cannot deviate“Talent training”This fundamental task is because universities are not purely scientific research institutions, nor are they enterprises and other organizations in society.

180928302_28328“Unity of teaching and research”and“Academic Freedom”principle, and pointed out that the main function of a university is the pursuit of truth, and academic research should have the first importance in universities. Humboldt's educational thoughts have had a profound impact on modern higher education in the world. For example, when the Nobel Prize was first established40During the year, Planck, Laue, Hahn, etc. appeared at Humboldt University16Nobel Prize winners.

At the beginning of the last century, Charles, the president of the University of Wisconsin in the United States·Van Heise proposed in response to the urgent need for specialized talents in the local development of animal husbandry and dairy industry“Universities must serve social development”’s w88 casino philosophy, famous“Wisconsin Thought”It has become the basic purpose of running American universities that continues to this day.

The development of universities over the past hundred years has demonstrated that the scientific research activities and social services of universities cannot deviate from the fundamental goal of cultivating talents. However, educating people is easier said than done. Many universities unilaterally equate the two major functions of the university, scientific research and social services, with the fundamental goal of talent training, confusing the differences between the three. The phenomenon shown is one-sided emphasis“Take discipline construction as the leader”, emphasizing subject construction rather than improving the environment and conditions for students' learning and teaching; the development plans of some universities have a negative impact on“Discipline construction, strengthening the w88 casino with talents, internationalization, and serving the local area”All of them have put forward the goal of creating a first-class university, but they lack specific plans and ideas for the reform of undergraduate education and teaching; the blind expansion of social service functions has caused the coexistence of different systems on university campuses (now it has become a problem for many universities) internal management and development (causing troubles and problems), some universities have extended their tentacles to the field of social forces running schools; some professors do not take the stage, do not contact students, and are busy with subject construction and fighting for projects; individual university teachers have deviated from the basic direction of university teaching and education in terms of teacher ethics and teaching style. These problems have weakened the basic work of university talent training and caused a certain degree of marginalization in undergraduate education and teaching.

Although the Ministry of Education has issued a series of documents and plans to improve the quality of higher education in recent years, and university leaders are also reflecting on various problems that have arisen in the past, the negative impact of deviations in the understanding of the nature of universities and the existence of these problems are still affecting the development of universities at different levels. In order to reverse these chaos, the main leaders of the university must seriously think about the mission of the university, devote more attention and main energy to education and teaching work, and do a good job in education and teaching reform just like promoting discipline construction and winning big projects. Only by truly putting talent training at the center of the w88 casino's work can we answer the value demands of society for university talent training.

Development Strategies for Universities with Industry Characteristics in the New Era

Luo Weidong, Secretary of the Party Committee of University of Science and Technology Beijing

Industry-characteristic colleges and universities mainly refer to colleges and universities with distinctive industry characteristics that were affiliated to the original industry departments and were managed by the Ministry of Education or provinces, districts, municipalities, etc. during the reform of the higher education management system at the turn of the century. At present, industry-specific colleges and universities are in an important period of differentiation, transformation, and development. How to maintain and strengthen their own w88 casino-running characteristics, form new characteristics, and achieve sustainable development are important practical issues faced by colleges and universities with industry characteristics.

Industry-specific universities nearby1032829_33076

I have some thoughts on the development of industry-specific colleges and universities in the new era:

1． Maintaining characteristics is the basis for the survival of colleges and universities with industry characteristics. Industry-specific universities are rooted in the industry, and their social influence is mainly in the industry. If they blindly pursue comprehensive development, resulting in the loss of their original positions, characteristics and brands, they will have survival concerns. Therefore, taking the service industry as its own responsibility and maintaining its characteristics are the basis for the survival of colleges and universities with industry characteristics. At the same time, it should also be noted that characteristics are not fixed once and for all, nor are they static. On the one hand, we should continuously strengthen the construction of existing disciplines that meet the needs of the industry. On the other hand, we should actively explore and promote emerging disciplines that lead the development of the industry and form new characteristics. Only in this way can we always maintain a leading position in the industry's characteristic disciplines.

2． Expansion and transformation are the ways for universities with industry characteristics to strengthen themselves. With the establishment of the socialist market economic system, industry authorities no longer exist or are no longer responsible for managing and guiding universities; the layout of disciplines and majors in industry-specific universities has undergone great changes, and a large number of disciplines and majors not directly related to the industry have been established; the proportion of cultivating talents to serve the industry has also been significantly reduced. Therefore, with the exception of individual schools, most industry-specific universities are no longer industry universities in the traditional sense. Broadening subject coverage and service orientation, and realizing the transformation of w88 casino running direction from a single subject to a multi-disciplinary approach with distinctive features have become inevitable choices for the future development of industry-specific universities. However, we must not blindly pursue it in the process of broadening subject coverage“Big and comprehensive”, but we must persist on the basis of maintaining characteristics“Something to do and something not to do”, rolling expansion of development ideas, giving full play to the radiation and driving role of characteristic disciplines.

3． Scientific research should lead the scientific and technological progress of the industry and participate in and support the construction of enterprise technological innovation systems. future10year, the national technological innovation system was established10is also the year when universities with industry characteristics can use their own advantages to actively play a role in the construction of the national technological innovation system10Year. First of all, industry-specific universities should take advantage of their special status of having no interest competition with enterprises to build an exchange platform for industry technological innovation. Secondly, we must actively build an innovation platform for common technologies in the industry. Take advantage of the current favorable opportunity when the national industry scientific research system has not yet taken shape, and try to play a greater role in the formulation of industry commonality, key technology development plans and industry technical standards. Secondly, it is necessary to jointly establish a research and development platform for industry-specific key technologies with enterprises to provide support for the construction of enterprise innovation platforms. Finally, we must actively build a public service platform to serve small and medium-sized enterprises and technology transfer, and promote the rapid growth of small and medium-sized enterprises and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

4． Establish a new mechanism for joint construction between industry departments and industry-specific universities. Fully consider the educational history, subject attributes and service orientation of industrial universities to better leverage the characteristics of industrial universities. Increase funding for colleges and universities with industry characteristics and provide appropriate policy preferences. By formulating policies, establish new mechanisms and new channels for financial support for industry management departments and enterprises to support the development of industry universities, so that enterprise support for universities can be included in production costs; broaden the channels for industry-specific universities to participate in industry scientific research projects, and further tilt industry key projects to industry-specific universities.

Adhere to reform and innovation to enhance development momentum

Zhang Guangqiang, Secretary of the Party Committee of Northwest A&F University

1999Year9In March, Northwest A&F University was established by the merger of two universities and five research institutes located in Yangling. near10In the past few years, the w88 casino has focused on the reform of the science and education system“Engine”, with the goal of building a modern university management system, continuous reform and innovation, and a new path of running a w88 casino characterized by the close integration of industry, academia and research, has achieved leapfrog development.

1. Steadyly advance the reform of the science and education system and explore the establishment of a new system that closely integrates industry, academia and research.

First, implement merger reforms and build an institutional framework. After nearly a year of research and demonstration, the w88 casino finally determined the reform idea: completely break the original structure of the seven units, and reorganize their affiliated colleges, departments, and institutes into colleges according to the principle of the same or similar disciplines, with internal teaching, scientific research and promotion within the college“Trinity”。200139574_3960869reduced to21, realizing the five unifications of w88 casino body, organization and leadership, management system, development planning and discipline construction, basically building a new university institutional framework.

Secondly, integrate scientific and educational resources to promote substantive integration. The key to merger and integration is to optimize the allocation of scientific and educational resources originally belonging to the seven units and integrate them into the college. Teaching, scientific research and promotion are coordinated at the college level, and substantial integration is basically achieved.

Secondly, implement two-level management and improve the institutional framework.200340694_40756200840784_40865

2. Continue to promote the reform of three key links and strive to stimulate the vitality of running schools.

The w88 casino firmly grasps the three key links of human, financial and material, with the goal of promoting the optimal allocation of science and education resources, and has carried out multiple rounds of reform practices.

First, continue to promote the reform of the personnel distribution system. Since the merger of the w88 casino, the most prominent contradiction has been the structure and quality of the workforce: on the one hand, the workforce is large in scale, the structure is unbalanced, and the overall quality is low.4950Among the faculty and staff, service staff accounted for1/3, the proportion of teachers with graduate degrees is only11.3%;On the other hand, talent attraction is poor and outstanding key talents are still being lost. In response to these circumstances, the w88 casino has carried out continuous and in-depth reforms in the personnel, distribution and cadre systems, established a full-post employment system, and realized the establishment and management of personnel according to their posts. At the same time, a new subsidy distribution method has been formulated to increase the focus of performance subsidies on teaching and scientific research.

The second is to continuously deepen the reform of financial management.200842981_43085

The third is to comprehensively promote the reform of resource allocation. At the beginning of the merger, considering the outstanding debt problem in the w88 casino's history, the w88 casino's asset allocation mainly focused on filling up the balance so that each college and discipline had basic conditions for running a w88 casino. from200843606_43662

Preliminary summary10The results of the reform in 2019 include: first, the successful implementation of the reform of the science and education system, achieving the first substantive merger of domestic teaching and scientific research units; second, the close integration of industry, academia and research has become a distinctive feature of the w88 casino. The annual science and technology promotion services for the northwest region have created more than 100 economic benefits for farmers60billion yuan; third, a new university campus with supporting facilities, complete functions, and orderly operation has been initially built, providing a good career development platform for promoting the construction of high-level universities. The w88 casino's total revenue from business fees has increased from more than 200 million yuan when the w88 casino was merged2008Year10.86100 million yuan; the national key disciplines were changed from when the w88 casino was merged1Added to7, and there are two national key cultivation disciplines;2008The annual science and technology funding in place exceeds2.6Billion yuan, yes1999Year14Times.

Promote the transformation of higher education development model

Yang Wei, President of Zhejiang University

Currently, our country is entering a new historical stage of transformation from a large country in higher education to a powerful country in higher education. The rise of high-level university clusters will play a leading role in this process. Therefore, promoting a group of high-level universities to take the lead in transforming their development model from quantitative expansion to qualitative improvement will be an important theme for the development of my country's higher education in the coming period.

Transformation of development model

my country’s colleges and universities past1047214_472873The stages are driven by different dynamics:

The characteristics of the first stage are“Element-driven, quantity-oriented, focusing on development”. In the initial stage of accelerated development of universities in our country, factor input played a huge role. The factors that play a driving role include: human factors, which come from the expansion of postgraduate enrollment and the retention of a large number of young teachers in the w88 casino; financial factors, including the investment of the w88 casino's surplus over the years, bank loans, etc.“985Engineering”、“211Engineering”The rapid increase in construction and R&D funds; material factors, such as the government's land investment to support the development of universities, differential land rents realized by land replacement, etc.; scale factors, such as the merger of schools or expansionary development into a comprehensive university; policy factors, such as the implementation of various performance reward systems. Universities in our country have different opinions and take advantage of the situation to greatly improve the hardware conditions of colleges and universities and lay the necessary scale foundation for the next stage of connotative development.

The characteristics of the second stage are“Connotation-driven, quality-oriented, focusing on reform”. The scarcity of w88 casino resources determines the limited input of factors, so factor-driven scale expansion is unsustainable. In recent years, as the power of factor driving has gradually weakened, universities have begun to seek a connotation-driven path, which is mainly reflected in the optimization of internal structure and the reform of institutional mechanisms to release internal vitality to achieve sustained and rapid development.

The characteristics of the third stage are“Externally driven, people-oriented, focusing on openness”. For colleges and universities, when the connotation reaches a certain stage of development and the energy of structural optimization and institutional reform gradually disappears, it is necessary to seek to increase internal resources and core innovation capabilities through external sources. This stage is mainly characterized by talent leadership. The focus of development is to introduce high-level teachers and improve the quality of students. At the same time, the existing teaching staff must also be transformed, the structure optimized, and the level improved. We should start from the aspects related to the reputation of the w88 casino such as the quality of graduates, the quality of teachers, the attractiveness of alumni, the degree of international training, and international popularity, and then use the reputation of the w88 casino to increase the attraction of overseas talent return. It is necessary to gradually use domestic and overseas donations to form a sustainable development fund. Only when the fund exceeds the w88 casino's annual income can it provide the w88 casino with resources to guide independent development. It is necessary to further utilize international exchanges to complete the transformation from the flow of intelligence to the world to the integration of global intelligence, and to form influential schools and major original achievements. Driven by the leadership effect, it has gradually moved from dynamic rapid development to leading and stable development.

Improving quality is the new driving force to promote the transformation of development methods

With the expansion of scale, my country's higher education has also embarked on a sound development track of continuously improving quality. First, the fairness of higher education has been further reflected, making the quality of higher education a major concern for every household, which in itself is conducive to the improvement of quality. Secondly, under the larger scale of higher education, the flow channels of talents tend to be diversified, the competitive pressure of talents is fully launched, and the self-learning ability, self-organizing ability and social integration ability of college students are all improving. All these are conducive to improving the quality of colleges and universities under the people-oriented concept. Thirdly, with the expansion of scale, the quality distribution of higher education has changed from flat to broadband. On the one hand, it has provided a broader space for improvement and talent resources for domestic high-level university groups, which is conducive to improving the peak quality. It also provides development reference for newly transferred universities, and is driven by quality supervision measures such as teaching evaluation and subject evaluation, which is conducive to improving the average quality.

Highlight characteristics, take into account fairness, and improve management

What is the quality of higher education and how to improve the quality of higher education requires exploration in the new historical environment, focusing on characteristics, equity, management and other aspects.

Promote quality improvement through characteristic construction. The quality of higher education is a multifaceted concept. In the stage of popularization of higher education, various types of educational institutions and educational forms will appear, with different talent training goals, specifications and social adaptability. The diversified quality concept requires that different standards and evaluation systems should be adopted for schools of different types and levels. One ruler cannot be used to measure the quality of higher education. The relationship between characteristics and quality is a mutually reinforcing relationship: on the one hand, characteristics mean quality; on the other hand, different characteristics can be measured by different quality standards.

Basically consider quality and equity, and promote the balanced and coordinated development of higher education. Currently, equity in higher education consists of“Quantity”'s gradual progress toward fairness“Quality”'s fair transformation. Taking into account the quality and equity of higher education means that the structure of Chinese universities should have both height and breadth. The top level looks at level, the bottom level looks at fairness, the top level looks at domestic and international fairness, and the bottom level looks at fairness in all regions. Both are indispensable. Therefore, we must continue to aim at the goal of world-class education and accelerate the construction of a number of high-level research universities; at the same time, we must pay attention to overall coordination in the allocation of educational resources and increase support and construction of universities in the central and western regions.

Strengthen and improve management and build a higher education quality assurance and promotion system. Strengthening and improving management is the key to improving the quality of higher education. There are two types of management, one is constraint management and the other is motivational management. Quality can be viewed as a distribution that has both a mean and a variance. Constraint management can only reduce the variance, but the average value remains unchanged; motivational management may increase the variance, but it can improve the average value. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of w88 casino running, it is necessary to coordinate the relationship between constraining management and stimulating management.

Promote the honest style of study and create a good environment for the development of higher education. Having a good academic style and academic atmosphere is an important reflection of the quality of higher education. All colleges and universities should put the promotion of honest study style in an important position. While severely punishing academic misconduct, institutions of higher learning should take effective measures to improve academic standards, especially to strengthen academic ethics and academic integrity education for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and young faculty, so as to effectively maintain the reputation and development environment of higher education.

Some thoughts on university management

Huang Daren, President of Sun Yat-sen University

University management is an issue that is constantly mentioned in the development of higher education in China but has not yet been well solved. University management includes organizational forms, systems, management concepts, etc. In terms of organizational form, it can be roughly divided into two parts: the w88 casino's teaching and scientific research organizational form and the administrative organizational form. In terms of system, it includes personnel system, scientific research system, teaching system, etc.

About the university’s teaching and research organization form

At present, most of the teaching and scientific research in Chinese universities are carried out with colleges as the basic organizational form, and a management system at the w88 casino and college levels is implemented. The w88 casino organizes colleges based on disciplines, but the needs of the country and society for talents and scientific research products are often not strictly classified according to disciplines, and various scientific issues are often raised across disciplines.

I think it is necessary to integrate the existing colleges and implement a departmental system like some universities that have already taken the lead. Corresponding departments are established above each similar discipline, for example, the Department of Science, which consists of colleges of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. This kind of department is just a w88 casino built on top of the collegeNon-entity platform, in order to provide a highly operational mechanism for the cross-integration of similar disciplines.

Another important consideration in establishing academic departments is to solve the problem of relative separation of academic power and administrative power in university management. At present, each college of w88 casino has a degree evaluation committee and a teacher appointment committee. The directors of these two committees are generally served by the dean. This makes the dean not only exercise administrative power as the administrative director, but also become the leader of academic power. After the establishment of the academic department, the degree evaluation committees and teacher appointment committees for relevant disciplines were established in the academic department. The committee directors and committee members were professors from different first-level disciplines, making these two committees relatively pure academic evaluation organizations.

About the administrative organization form of the university

Compared with foreign universities and universities in Taiwan and Hong Kong, the administrative departments of Chinese universities have more institutions and more detailed division of labor. This system, due to its detailed division of labor, is more conducive to the implementation of management functions, but it will inevitably lead to problems of poor coordination, and there may also be blind spots at the interface.

The administrative organizational form of universities in our country is closely related to the national and local education administrative departments. The organizational structure of the superior department has guiding significance for the university. For smooth management, one-to-one correspondence between the upper and lower levels is necessary. Changing the current situation of excessive division of labor among functional departments cannot be accomplished by one university alone. My personal idea is whether it can be implemented with reference to state agencies“large department system”The method is also like that of some universities that have taken the lead, sorting out the functional departments within the w88 casino and setting up several“Department”, to improve administrative efficiency. For example, you can consider forming an undergraduate college with some functional departments related to undergraduate training, such as the Academic Affairs Office, the Student Affairs Office, the Admissions Office, the Career Guidance Center, and the Youth League Committee.

Management concepts and measures on cultivating innovative talents

At present, all universities are constantly emphasizing the cultivation of innovative talents. However, we have not actually found an effective way to cultivate innovative talents, and everyone is still exploring.

In terms of undergraduate training, to cultivate the innovative spirit of undergraduates, we should first cultivate students’ personality, and the cultivation of personality is often not done in the classroom, but in what is called“Second Classroom”'s student activities. Social practice, volunteer service and other activities are more conducive to cultivating students' gratitude, allowing students to understand society and national conditions, and even discover real scientific problems. We should consider the method innovation of ideological and political education, and social practice should actually become a way and method of ideological and political education.

In terms of postgraduate training, from the perspective of society’s actual needs for talents, a more reasonable structure for postgraduate education should be in the shape of a pyramid. Among them, academic postgraduate students should be few and refined, and more should be engaged in vocational and course-based postgraduate students. It should be noted that the current core impact on the improvement of the quality of graduate education lies largely in the unreasonable structure of graduate education, that is, the proportion of academic graduate students is too high and the proportion of professional graduate students is low. It is necessary to promptly adjust the educational structure of graduate students, place more emphasis on the classified training of graduate students, and further strengthen characteristics in various aspects such as student sources, tutors, courses, practice, papers, employment, and evaluation. There should be different training procedures and quality standards for different types of graduate students.

In order to better classify graduate students and further expand the scale of professional degrees, it is recommended that the Ministry of Education consider expanding the autonomy of universities in the setting of professional degrees, decentralizing professional degree authorization to universities with the power to independently establish doctoral programs in first-level disciplines, and allowing schools to add professional degree fields or set up joint course degrees according to the needs of social and economic development. The Ministry of Education is responsible for organizing regular special evaluations.

About personnel system

The most core part of the university management system is the personnel system. During the implementation of the reform of the university personnel system, we also encountered many difficult problems, such as“Exit mechanism”. In my country's high-level universities, the quality of teachers is relatively high, and some unsuitable teachers“Exit”It will also be relatively stable, and there is a way out. Therefore, it is recommended that the relevant national departments consider selecting a number of high-level universities as institutions when formulating personnel policies for public institutions“Exit mechanism”'s pilot.

As the reform of the personnel system further advances, schools will inevitably face various complaints within the w88 casino. According to past practice, all types of complaints are answered by functional departments. In order to make administrative operations more orderly and effective, it is necessary to establish, for example, something called“Administrative Arbitration Committee”'s w88 casino-level organization has subcommittees on teacher appointment, personnel disputes, degree awarding, student status management, etc., membersshould includeProfessors and student representatives can handle relevant complaints through public hearings when necessary.

We may still be far from finding a university management system suitable for the long-term development of Chinese universities. This is closely related to the reality that we are in a period of rapid social transformation. Our“Plan”Often not“Change”Quick. Therefore, what we university managers have to do now is probably to think and try as much as possible. At the same time, I sincerely hope that the country’s various policies will be more perfect and create a better external environment for the development of universities.

Take a development path with own characteristics

President Chen Jian of Jiangnan University

To build a high-level university with distinctive characteristics, there is an urgent need to explore and establish a set of management systems and operating mechanisms suitable for its own characteristics, and it is necessary to find a path of university development with its own characteristics. In the following, we will exchange some practical understandings and experiences based on the actual reform and development of w88 casino in recent years.

Development goal: strategic planning of high-end design

Jiangnan University is2001Approved by the Ministry of Education in 2006, it was formerly composed of Wuxi University of Light Industry, Jiangnan University, and Wuxi Institute of Education3It was formed through a w88 casino merger. due to3The schools are affiliated to different levels of government departments and have different w88 casino-running levels, scales, and strengths. Therefore, the schools have also encountered many difficulties and contradictions in the development process: First, the development of disciplines is seriously unbalanced; second, w88 casino running resources are quite scarce; third, the university system is not yet complete. In this context, the w88 casino's party and government leaders, on the basis of mobilizing the broad participation of all w88 casino cadres and faculty, carried out top-level design and overall planning of the w88 casino's development vision and long-term and short-term plans.

Drew a mid- to long-term development blueprint for the w88 casino. We focus on management, reform, quality, and characteristics, and research and formulate the w88 casino's medium and long-term development plan. The overall goal is to202066789_66884

Developed the second phase of development“Climbing plan”. from2008Since the year, the w88 casino has entered“Coordinated development, key breakthroughs”Stage. In order to ensure the completion of this phase of the task, we pass4In this working process, we analyzed and compared the overall situation of the w88 casino, the strength of the Ministry of Education, the evaluation indicators of university rankings, etc.; conducted forward-looking research and thinking on the factors that affect the subject strength of colleges and universities, the weak links in w88 casino, and the projects and indicators that must be broken through; we fully discussed and negotiated the core indicators and extended indicators that must be proposed for basic and overall work related to the development of the w88 casino; and finally issued it after comprehensive processing and processing“Climbing plan”, make it the future8The w88 casino’s leading strategic measures are to increase its innovative advantages, seek new breakthroughs, and achieve new leaps and bounds.

A target responsibility system with a three-year term has been implemented. A new round of term goal accountability system In terms of goal setting, we use“Climbing plan”As the overall task, based on the work status and performance in recent years, the party and government goals are unified, and a goal responsibility letter is jointly signed, while focusing on input and output. Each functional department of the w88 casino and the college implement a bundled goal responsibility system; in terms of the indicator system, classification is implemented, and the indicator types are divided into binding indicators and directive indicators. Indicators and guiding indicators; in terms of indicator formulation and evaluation methods, we adhere to the principle of combining quantitative and qualitative, and equal emphasis on quantity and status; in terms of assessment methods, we focus on the combination of annual assessment and final assessment, focusing not only on the completion of goals, but also on benefits, impact and work status, not only on the diversification of assessment results, but also on the application of assessment results.

Featured Disciplines: Raising the Peak and Expanding the Plateau

In terms of the idea of discipline construction, we believe that the direction condensation should reflect the characteristics on the basis of the mainstream of the field, and should be able to accurately judge and support the possible new advantageous directions; the team gathering should strengthen the construction according to the requirements of the team in different periods of survival, development and maturity, and at the same time strengthen the education of the conscious spirit of the teacher team; the platform construction should focus on scientific engineering, with the w88 casino's external evaluation and external competitiveness as the main basis.

In the process of subject construction, our approach is: first, select excellence, distinguish levels, highlight key points, and drive the general. On the basis of balancing some contradictions caused by subject differences within the w88 casino, we concentrate high-quality resources, create subject peaks, and focus on forming subject characteristics; second, Enter in advance, grasp the development trend of disciplines, enhance the foresight and acumen of discipline development, and achieve early planning and layout; third, establish a good discipline ecological environment, strive to support each other among disciplines, cultivate new discipline growth points through intersection and integration, and form a virtuous cycle of symbiotic and co-prosperous discipline ecological environment.

w88 casino resources: Optimizing management of increasing revenue and reducing expenditure

Only through management and creation, revitalization and integration, can various actual resources or potential resources truly be turned into effective resources that can support the development of the w88 casino. We are deeply aware of the relative lack of resources for running schools. Therefore, in the process of university management, we have always attached great importance to the operation and management of resources.

Strive to build a digital and economical university with a high starting point. First of all, efforts should be made to enhance the awareness of resource conservation among teachers, students and staff throughout the w88 casino. Secondly, use the system as a guarantee to achieve effective management of resources; at the same time, increase the sharing of public resources; in addition, further strengthen cost accounting and link the effective use of resources with the performance evaluation of relevant departments. Secondly, we rely on technology to improve the efficiency of resource use. Technical energy saving is achieved by utilizing digital network communication and automatic control technology.

Strive to build a strong w88 casino that develops social resources at a high level. A w88 casino cannot achieve leapfrog development without having more w88 casino-running resources. To this end, it must increase the speed of accumulating resources. However, having a higher ability to obtain social resources requires long-term and unremitting efforts.

Thoughts on the construction of industry-specific universities

Wang Yajie, Secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

In the context of building an innovative country, taking a new industrialization path, and promoting rural reform and development, it is a very urgent task to further run industry-specific universities.

New problems faced by industry-specific universities

Before this round of reform of the higher education management system, industrial colleges and universities reflected some common problems: the subject setting is relatively single, the vision of running a w88 casino is relatively narrow, and teaching, scientific research, etc. are generally only targeted at the needs of the industry, and it is rarely considered that such universities should also play their due role in society; the administrative color of w88 casino management is relatively heavy, usually“Can control to death”. From a macro perspective, due to the fragmentation in management, a large number of repeated settings of disciplines and repeated construction of scientific and technological platforms have resulted in relatively low resource utilization, etc. At the same time, the following issues should also attract our attention:

The original administrative affiliation of industry-specific universities no longer exists, the original funding chain is broken, and the connection with the original industry departments has become loose, subtle and erratic. How to reposition the direction of running a w88 casino, redefine service orientation, build a new development model, adapt to the new needs of social changes, etc., have become topics that this type of university needs to think deeply about.

Industry-specific universities have outstanding disciplinary advantages in a certain industry field and natural connections with the industry in all aspects. After the system adjustment, the inherent industry barriers were broken down, and traditional subject areas began to face challenges and competition from comprehensive universities. It became a very urgent task to explore and create new subject growth points, but the expansion into disadvantaged areas was restricted by many aspects.

For a long time, industry-specific universities have been mainly aimed at serving the needs of industry sectors. They have strong industry characteristics in major settings, curriculum systems, experimental conditions, training models, etc., with a small number of disciplines and narrow majors, and an emphasis on professional counterparts. Under the new conditions, how to adjust the disciplines, majors and curriculum structure so that it not only meets the requirements for professional talent training, but also expands students' knowledge and promotes the cultivation of comprehensive quality has become a very realistic issue facing these universities.

Subjectively speaking, high-level characteristic universities go“Multidisciplinary characteristic type”The development model is a more ideal choice. Blindly pursuing bigness and perfection is neither realistic nor objective. Due to the scale aggregation effect in resource allocation, the simplification of policy guidance, the simple summation in evaluation rankings, the comprehensive worship trend in public opinion, etc., these have had a substantial impact on the independent positioning of industry-specific universities and their persistence in the path of characteristics.

Some suggestions on strengthening the construction of industry-specific universities

Further clarify the strategic position of industry-specific universities in my country’s higher education system as one of the basic strategies for the development of my country’s higher education. The existence of the industry is objective, the needs of the industry are objective, and the construction and development of corresponding disciplines are also objective. Industry-specific universities are a rare asset in my country’s higher education system and the backbone of higher education’s diversification and specialization. To this end, it is recommended that the country incorporate the development of industry-specific universities into the national higher education comprehensive development strategy and establish special support policies to create a good environment for the development of industry-specific universities.

Conscientiously implement policies and measures for classified guidance, formulate a scientific evaluation system, encourage different types of universities to develop their own characteristics, and create a competitive environment suitable for the development of industry-specific universities. The current higher education evaluation system generally focuses on scale and total quantity, emphasizing comprehensive rankings. Due to the characteristics of their disciplines, industry-specific universities have certain disadvantages in terms of striving for resources, attracting talents, improving comprehensive rankings, and expanding social influence. However, the evaluation index system is very oriented, and industry-specific universities are at an obvious disadvantage due to their narrow subject coverage. To this end, it is recommended to build a multi-objective university evaluation mechanism to create good development space for all types of colleges and universities.

Study and establish new channels and new mechanisms for national investment in industry-specific universities. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance jointly study and establish a special investment mechanism for industry-specific universities, and at the same time explore and solve the current problem of poor channels for industry or department investment in universities. Pay more attention to the cooperation and development between universities and corresponding industries; pay more attention to the disciplinary characteristics of universities; pay more attention to the construction of high-level scientific and technological innovation platforms in such universities, and the selection and investment of national laboratories and national key laboratories. Encourage corresponding industry departments to participate in the construction and management of such universities in different forms, and set up special scholarships, etc.

Industry-specific universities should build new mechanisms at a higher level that are closely connected with related industries. It is necessary to study the establishment of new co-construction, joint or collaborative mechanisms at the policy and institutional levels, and encourage industries and industries to participate in, intervene in and support the reform, construction and development of industry-specific universities.

Discipline construction should take into account both characteristics and multi-discipline

Xu Mingzhi, President of Donghua University

At the beginning of the century, running large and comprehensive comprehensive universities was the development trend of domestic universities. The w88 casino is2001In 2018, all teachers, students and staff of the w88 casino were mobilized to discuss and clarify the goals and positioning of the w88 casino’s development. We feel that when determining construction goals, we should carefully analyze our own strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges we face, and analyze the period, location, environment and pattern we are in. Everything must be based on the actual situation of the w88 casino. The predecessor of Donghua University, East China Institute of Textile Technology, was established in195180675_80760

After nearly half a year of full discussion throughout the w88 casino, everyone finally unified their thinking. The development of w88 casino disciplines“All-round champion”Although it is fascinating, there is a big gap in the w88 casino's own foundation and it cannot be achieved overnight. Contemporary China is in the historical process of transforming from a big textile country to a powerful textile country. It should be our right choice to adapt to the needs of social development, maximize our strengths and avoid weaknesses, give full play to our advantages, and take the path of characteristic development. From this, we have established the w88 casino’s medium- and long-term development goals, which is to build“A high-level university with a focus on engineering, coordinated development of engineering, science, management, liberal arts and other disciplines, a first-class domestic, internationally influential, and distinctive university”. Our goal is to not only do featured disciplines“National individual champion”, still need to impact“World individual champion”. After the goal is determined, we focus“Fifteen”、“211Engineering”’s construction funds are all invested in textiles, materials, dyeing and finishing, and clothing4national key disciplines, according to“Key investments, key construction, key breakthroughs”'s ideas to start construction. after7Years of construction, we have harvested preliminary results.

First of all, characteristic subjects have helped the w88 casino achieve many achievements in the new evaluation system“zero”'s breakthrough. These include first prize for national teaching achievements, national quality courses, national famous teaching teachers, etc.“Textile Science and Engineering”at2007It became a national first-level key discipline in the national key discipline evaluation, and was ranked in the2009In the first-level subject evaluation just announced by the Ministry of Education Degree Center98Ranked first in the subject with high scores.

Secondly, characteristic disciplines have made important contributions to the country’s economic construction and national defense construction. The w88 casino inherits and carries forward the fine tradition of integrating industry, academia and research formed when the industry department was running schools, and has produced a number of students“Dingtian”and“Site”’s iconic scientific research achievements, such as non-toxic lightweight inner protective materials, extravehicular spacesuit protective outer materials, warm-body dummies, astronaut urine collection devices, etc.“神五”、“Shenzhou VI”and“Shenqi”contributed to the launch success. w88 casino Continuous3Received in the year“Top Ten Scientific and Technological Progress in Chinese Universities”'s honor.

There are two extreme views on the w88 casino's goal positioning. One believes that the w88 casino should immediately develop into a comprehensive university, and the other believes that the w88 casino should only stick to its characteristics and not develop other disciplines. We believe that while developing characteristics, the w88 casino must strive to build a discipline ecology based on actual resource conditions and the principle of limited and relevant, and gradually expand into a distinctive, multi-disciplinary, and high-level university. This is also the relationship between the w88 casino's immediate development and long-term development. For this purpose, we determined“Enhance characteristics, broaden foundation, strengthen crossover, and develop as needed”'s discipline development strategy, and also requires non-key disciplines to“Borrow a boat to go to sea”, out of the sea to form“Hundreds of rivalry”’s situation, strive to form“Features bring about the whole, and the whole promotes the features”A new situation of discipline construction full of vitality and vitality. After the new century7Years of construction, the number of key disciplines, degree programs and undergraduate majors of the w88 casino have doubled,7The increase achieved in years is equivalent to that after the establishment of the w88 casino50The annual total.

Currently, w88 casino12Professional colleges have gradually formed to focus on national and local economic and social construction5University subject group. In addition to supporting and leading the technological innovation of the textile industry, the traditional advantageous materials and textiles subject group also focuses on the fields of high-tech, high-performance new materials and composite materials based on fiber and textile technology; the environment, chemical engineering, bioengineering, and science subject groups gradually expanded on the basis of traditional advantageous disciplines, focusing on environmental energy, energy conservation and emission reduction, circular economy and other fields; the earlier established machinery, information, and computer subject groups focus on advanced manufacturing and information technology applications; new advantageous characteristic disciplines gradually formed to adapt to the development of Shanghai——The clothing and art subject group focuses on the creative industry and the construction of Shanghai as an international metropolis; the number of enrolled students accounts for 10% of the total number of students in the w88 casino1/3’s management, humanities, and foreign language subject groups, focusing on Shanghai“Economic center, w88 center, financial center, shipping center”In the field of construction and modern service industry development. A new disciplinary framework that is distinctive, multidisciplinary, and serves the construction of an innovative country is gradually taking shape.

(Excerpted from "China Education News"2009Year3month2日)

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