Promote the transformation of the development model of higher education
Yang Wei, President of Zhejiang University
At present, my country is entering a new historical stage of transformation from a major higher education power to a strong higher education power. The rise of high-level university groups will play a leading role in this process.
Transformation of development model
The past of our university10In 2018, scale expansion drives quality improvement, achieving leapfrog accelerated development. According to Newton's second law, acceleration growth must be driven by external forces, so that its development will show dynamic characteristics.3The stages are driven by different motivations:
The characteristics of the first stage are"Factor-driven, quantity-based, and focus on development". In the initial stage of the accelerated development of w88 casino in my country, factor investment has played a huge role."985Project","211Project"Construction and R&D funds are rapidly rising, etc.; material factors, such as land investment made by the government to support the development of universities, differential land rent achieved by land replacement, etc.; scale factors, such as the transformation into comprehensive universities through mergers or expansionary development; policy factors, such as the implementation of various performance reward systems. All universities in my country have different opinions and leverage their power, which has greatly improved the hardware conditions of universities and laid the necessary scale foundation for the next stage of connotation development.
The characteristics of the second stage are"Connotation-driven, quality-based, and emphasis on reform". The scarcity of w88 casino resources determines the limitation of factor investment, so factor-driven scale expansion is difficult to sustain.
The characteristics of the third stage are"External drive, people-oriented, and focus on opening". For colleges and universities, when the connotation development reaches a certain stage, the energy of structural optimization and institutional reform gradually disappears, it is necessary to seek the increase of internal resources and core innovation capabilities through external driving.
Improving quality is the new driving force for promoting the transformation of development mode
At the same time as the scale expansion, my country's higher education has also embarked on a healthy development track of continuously improving quality. First, the fairness of higher education has been further reflected, making the quality of higher education a major concern for thousands of households, which in itself is conducive to improving quality.
Show characteristics, take into account fairness, and improve management
What is the quality of higher education and how to improve the quality of higher education, this requires exploration in the new historical environment, focusing on characteristics, fairness, management and other aspects.
Promote quality improvement with characteristic construction. The quality of higher education is a multi-level concept.
Bind consideration of quality and equity, and promote the balanced and coordinated development of higher education. Currently, higher education equity is by"quantity"Fair gradually towards"Quality"'s fair shift. Taking into account the quality and fairness of higher education means that the structure of Chinese universities should be both high and broad.
Strengthen and improve management and build a system for quality assurance and promotion of higher education. Strengthening and improving management is the key to improving the quality of higher education.
Promote the integrity of academic style and create a good environment for the development of higher education. Having a good academic style and academic atmosphere is an important manifestation of the quality of higher education.
Some Thoughts on University Management
Huang Daren, President of Sun Yat-sen University
University management is a problem that has been constantly mentioned in the development of higher education in China but has not been well solved so far. The management of a university includes organizational form, system, management concept and other contents.
About the teaching and scientific research organization forms of universities
At present, most of the development of teaching and scientific research in Chinese universities is based on colleges as the basic organizational form, and implements a management system at the school and college levels. Schools establish colleges based on disciplines, but the country and society’s demand for talents and scientific research products is often not strictly classified according to disciplines, and various scientific issues are often interdisciplinary.
I think it is necessary to integrate existing colleges and implement the academic department system like some universities that have taken the lead. There are corresponding departments on top of each similar discipline, such as the Department of Science, which are under the colleges of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and geology.Non-entity platform, in order to provide a highly operational mechanism for the cross-fusion of various similar disciplines.
Another important consideration for establishing a school is to solve the problem of the relative separation of academic power and administrative power in university management. At present, each college of our school has a degree assessment committee and a teacher position appointment committee. The directors of these two committees are generally the dean, which makes the dean become the leader of academic power while exercising administrative power as the administrative supervisor.
About the administrative organizational form of w88 casino
Compared with foreign universities and universities in Taiwan and Hong Kong, the administrative departments of Chinese universities have more institutional settings and more detailed division of labor. Due to the meticulous division of labor, this system is more conducive to the implementation of management functions, but it is inevitable that there will be poor coordination, and there may be blind spots in the joint area.
The administrative organization form of universities in my country is closely related to the national and local education administrative departments. The organizational structure of the superior competent department is of guiding significance to the university. In order to smooth management, it is necessary to correspond one by one to the next."Main system"58028_58082"part", to improve administrative efficiency. For example, it is possible to consider forming undergraduate colleges with some functional departments related to undergraduate training such as the Academic Affairs Office, the Student Affairs Office, the Admissions Office, the Employment Guidance Center, the Youth League Committee, etc.
Management concepts and measures for cultivating innovative talents
At present, universities are constantly emphasizing the need to cultivate innovative talents, but we have not found an effective way to cultivate innovative talents, and everyone is still exploring.
In terms of undergraduate training, the cultivation of undergraduate innovative spirit should first cultivate students' personality, and the cultivation of personality is often not in the classroom, but is called"Second Class"in student activities. Activities such as social practice and volunteer service are more conducive to cultivating students' gratitude, allowing students to understand the society and national conditions, and even discover real scientific problems from it.
In terms of graduate training, from the perspective of the actual needs of society for talents, the relatively reasonable structure of graduate education should present the shape of a pyramid. Among them, academic graduate students should be fewer and more proficient, and more should be professional and academic graduate students.
In order to better train graduate students and further expand the scale of professional degrees, it is recommended that the Ministry of Education consider expanding the autonomy of colleges and universities in the setting of professional degrees, delegate the authorization of professional degrees to universities with the power to establish doctoral programs in first-level disciplines, and allow schools to add professional degree fields or set up joint course degrees according to the needs of social and economic development. The Ministry of Education is responsible for organizing regular special assessments.
About the personnel system
The most core part of the university management system is the personnel system. In the implementation of the reform of the university personnel system, we have also encountered many difficult problems, such as"Exit mechanism". Among high-level universities in my country, the quality of teachers is relatively high, and some unsuitable teachers"Exit"It will also be relatively stable and there is a way out. Therefore, it is recommended that relevant national departments consider selecting several high-level universities as when formulating personnel policies for public institutions"Exit mechanism"61752_61758
With the further advancement of personnel system reform, schools inevitably have to face various complaints within the school. According to previous practices, all kinds of complaints are answered by functional departments."Administrative Arbitration Committee", with a sub-committee on the appointment of teachers, personnel disputes, degree awarding, academic record management, etc., membersShould includeProfessors and student representatives can handle relevant appeals through public hearings if necessary.
We may not be far from finding a university management system suitable for the long-term development of Chinese w88 casino, which is closely related to the reality that we are in a period of rapid social transformation, ours"Plan"often not"change"Fast. Therefore, what we university administrators have to do now is probably only to think and try as much as possible.
Learn the path of development with its own characteristics
Chan Jian, President of Jiangnan University
To build a high-level university with distinctive characteristics, it is urgent to explore the establishment and formation of a set of management systems and operating mechanisms suitable for their own characteristics, and it is necessary to embark on a path of university development with its own characteristics. The following is a few practical understandings and experiences based on the actual reform and development of our school in recent years.
Development goals: Strategic planning and high-end design
Jiangnan University is2001According to the Ministry of Education, the former Wuxi University of Light Technology, Jiangnan College, and Wuxi College of Education3w88 casino merged to form. because3The schools are affiliated to the competent departments of different levels of government, and their school level, scale and strength are different. Therefore, the school has also encountered many difficulties and contradictions in the development process: First, the discipline development is seriously unbalanced; Second, the school resources are quite scarce; Third, the university system is still incomplete. Against this background, the school’s party and government leaders, on the basis of mobilizing the wide participation of all cadres and faculty and staff in the school, have made top-level designs and overall plans for the school’s development vision, long-term, medium and short-term plans.
Draws a blueprint for the school's medium- and long-term development. We focus on management, reform, quality and characteristics, and have studied and formulated the school's medium- and long-term development plan, with the overall goal being2020In 2018, the school was built into a high-level university with distinctive characteristics, and the three-step development ideas were further determined. Among them, the main tasks in the first stage are to consolidate the foundation and accumulate energy, the main tasks in the second stage are coordinated development and key breakthroughs, and the main tasks in the third stage are to comprehensively improve and strive to meet the standards.
Developed the second phase of development"Climbing Plan". from2008Since the year, the school has entered"Coordinated development, key breakthrough"Stage. To ensure the completion of this phase of the task, we pass4In each work link, the overall situation of the school, the strength of the Ministry of Education, the evaluation indicators of the university rankings, etc. were analyzed and compared; the factors that affect the discipline strength of our school, the weak links that must be broken through, and the projects and indicators that must be broken through; the core indicators and expansion indicators that must be proposed for basic and overall work involving the development of the school were fully discussed and negotiated; finally, it was fully processed and processed and issued"Climbing Plan", use it as the future8The school will increase its innovative advantages, seek new breakthroughs, and achieve new leaps in the year.
The target responsibility system for three years is implemented. The new round of term target responsibility system is in the goal setting, we use"Climbing Plan"is the general task, based on the work status and performance in recent years, the party and government goals are integrated, and a goal responsibility letter is signed together, while focusing on input and output. The functional departments of the school and the college implement a bundled target responsibility system; in terms of indicator system, classification formulation is implemented, and indicator types are divided into binding indicators, directive indicators and guiding indicators; in terms of indicator formulation and evaluation methods, the principle of combining quantitative and qualitative, and reliance on quantity and status is adhered to; in terms of assessment methods, the annual assessment and final assessment are combined, and the goal completion is paid more attention to the benefits, influence and work status, and the diversification of assessment results are paid more attention to the application of assessment results.
Special disciplines: Improve peaks and expand plateaus
In the idea of discipline construction, we believe that direction condensation should reflect the characteristics based on the mainstream of the field, and we must be able to accurately judge and support the possibility of new advantages; team gathering should strengthen construction in accordance with the requirements of the team in different periods of survival, development and maturity, and at the same time, we must strengthen education on the conscious spirit of the teacher team; platform construction should focus on scientific projects, with the school's external evaluation and external competitiveness as the main basis.
In the process of discipline construction, our approach is: First, excellence in selectivity, distinguish levels, highlight key points, and drive the general. On the basis of balancing some contradictions caused by subject differences in the school, concentrate high-quality resources, create discipline peaks, and focus on forming discipline characteristics; second, enter early, grasp the trend of discipline development, enhance the foresight and sensitivity of discipline development, and make early planning and layout; third, establish a good discipline ecological environment, strive to support each other between disciplines, and cultivate new discipline growth points through intersection and integration, and form a virtuous cycle of symbiosis and prosperity.
School management resources: increase revenue and reduce expenditure and optimize management
Only through operation and creation, revitalization and integration can various real resources or potential resources be truly transformed into effective resources that can support the development of the school. We deeply feel that the school management resources are relatively scarce, so we have always attached great importance to the operation and management of resources in the process of university management.
Strive to build a high-starting digital and economical university. First, strive to enhance the awareness of saving resources for all teachers, students and staff in the school.
Strive to build a strong school that develops social resources at a high level. To achieve leapfrog development, schools cannot do without having more school-running resources. To this end, they must improve the speed of accumulating resources, while having a higher ability to obtain social resources requires long-term persistence and persistence.
Thoughts on the construction of industry-specific w88 casino
Wang Yajie, Party Secretary of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
In the context of building an innovative country, taking the path of new industrialization, and promoting rural reform and development, it is very urgent to further run a good university with industry characteristics.
New Problems Facing Industry-Specialized w88 casino
Before this round of reform of the higher education management system, industry-oriented colleges and universities reflected some common problems: the discipline setting is relatively single, the school-running vision is relatively narrow, and in terms of teaching, scientific research, etc., it is rare to consider that such universities should also play their due role in society; the administrative color in school management is relatively heavy, usually"Can't be too careful". From a macro perspective, due to the fragmentation of management, a large number of repeated settings of disciplines and repeated construction of technology platforms have led to relatively low resource utilization, etc.
The original administrative affiliation of an industry-specific university no longer exists, the original capital chain has been broken, and the connection with the original industry departments has become loose, subtle and erratic. How to reposition your own direction of running schools, redetermine the service orientation, build a new development model, adapt to the new needs of social changes, etc., has become a topic that such universities need to think deeply about.
Industry-specific universities have outstanding discipline advantages and natural connections with the industry in a certain industry field. After the institutional adjustment, the inherent industry barriers were broken, and traditional disciplines began to face challenges and competition from comprehensive universities. Exploring and opening new discipline growth points became a very urgent task, but the expansion to weak areas was restricted by many aspects.
For a long time, industry-specific universities have taken the service department and industry needs as their main purpose, and have strong industry characteristics in terms of professional settings, curriculum systems, experimental conditions, training models, etc. There are a small number of disciplines and majors, and the scope of majors is narrow, emphasizing the corresponding majors. Under the new conditions, how to adjust the discipline, major and curriculum structure so that it not only meets the requirements of professional talent training, but also expands students' knowledge and promotes the cultivation of comprehensive qualities has become a very realistic problem facing these universities.
Subjectively speaking, high-level characteristic w88 casino go"Multi-course characteristic type"Development model is a relatively ideal choice, and blindly seeking big and complete is neither realistic nor objective. Due to the scale aggregation effect in resource allocation, the singleization of policy orientation, the simple addition of evaluation rankings, the trend of comprehensive worship in social public opinion, etc., it has a substantial impact on the independent positioning of industry-specific universities and the path of adhering to the characteristics.
Some suggestions on strengthening the construction of industry-specific w88 casino
Further clarify the strategic position of industry-specific universities in my country's higher education system, as one of the basic strategies for the development of higher education in my country. The existence of the industry is objective, the needs of the industry are objective, and the construction and development of corresponding disciplines are also objective.
Seriously implement the policies and measures of classified guidance, formulate a scientific evaluation system, encourage different types of universities to establish their own characteristics, and create a competitive environment suitable for the development of industry-specific universities. At present, the higher education evaluation system generally judges heroes based on scale and total volume, emphasizing comprehensive rankings.
Study and establish new channels and mechanisms for the country to invest in industry-specific universities. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance jointly study and establish a special investment mechanism for industries with specialized universities, and at the same time explore and solve the current problem of poor channels for industry or departments to invest in universities.
Industry-specific universities should build a new mechanism closely linked to related industries at a higher level. It is necessary to study the establishment of new co-construction, joint or collaboration mechanisms at the policy and institutional levels, and encourage industries and industries to participate, intervene and support the reform, construction and development of industry-specific universities.
Discipline construction should take into account both characteristics and multiple subjects
Xu Mingzhi, President of Donghua University
At the beginning of the century, running large and comprehensive comprehensive universities was the trend of domestic universities. The school is in2001In 2018, all teachers, students and staff of the school were mobilized to discuss and clarify the goals and positioning of the school's development. We feel that to determine the construction goals, we should carefully analyze our own advantages and shortcomings, opportunities and challenges, and analyze the period, location, environment and pattern we are in. Everything must start from the actual situation of the school.1951, it was the first textile higher education institution in New China, and has formed distinct advantages and characteristics of the textile discipline in its development process for more than 50 years. These are the basis for the formation of long-term resource investment, and are also the real resources and wealth for seeking development under new historical conditions.
After nearly half a year of full discussions across the school, everyone finally gradually unified their thoughts. School discipline development"Almighty Champion"Although it is fascinating, the school itself has a big gap in its foundation and it cannot be achieved overnight. Contemporary China is in the historical process of moving from a textile power to a textile power. It should be our correct choice to adapt to the needs of social development, play to our strengths and avoid our weaknesses, give full play to our advantages, and take the path of characteristic development."Mainly on engineering, coordinated development of multiple disciplines such as engineering, science, management, and liberal arts, and high-level universities with first-class domestic, international influence and distinctive characteristics". Our goal is to do not only special disciplines"National Single Championship", and it will still impact"World Single Championship". After the goal is determined, we concentrate"15","211Project"construction funds are all invested in textiles, materials, dyeing and finishing, clothing4National key disciplines, according to"Key investment, key construction, key breakthrough"'s ideas are being built. go through7In the construction year, we have reaped initial results.
First of all, the special disciplines have obtained many of the schools in the new evaluation system"zero"Breakthrough. These include first prizes for national teaching achievements, national quality courses, national famous teaching teachers, etc."Textile Science and Engineering"In2007In the National Key Discipline Assessment, it became a national first-level key discipline and in2009The first-level discipline assessment just announced by the Degree Center of the Ministry of Education;98scores ranked first in this subject.
Secondly, characteristic disciplines have made important contributions to the country's economic construction and national defense construction. The school inherited and carried forward the fine tradition of combining industry, academia and research formed by industry departments during the operation of schools, and produced a number of them"Tailing Sky"and"Land"'s landmark scientific research results, such as non-toxic light inner protective materials, outer protective outer material of space suit, warm dummy, astronaut urine collection device, etc. are"God of God V","Shen Six"and"Shen Qi"82704_827213obtained"Top Ten Scientific and Technological Progress in Chinese Universities"'s honor.
There are two more extreme views in the school's goal positioning. One believes that the school should immediately develop into a comprehensive university, and the other believes that the school should stick to its characteristics and not develop other disciplines. We believe that while developing characteristics, schools must strive to build a discipline ecology based on actual resource conditions and in accordance with limited and relevant principles, and gradually expand into distinctive, multi-disciplinary and high-level universities."Enhance characteristics, broaden foundation, strengthen cross-section, and develop on demand"'s discipline development strategy, and requires non-key disciplines"Borrow a boat to go to sea", it is about to be formed after leaving the sea"Hundred boats compete for the current"situation, strive to form"Speciality brings the whole, the whole promotes the characteristics"The new situation of vibrant and vibrant discipline construction. After the new century7In the year of construction, the number of key disciplines, degree sites and undergraduate majors in the school has doubled,7The increment achieved in the year is equivalent to that after the school was established50Total volume in the year.
Currently, w88 casino12A professional college is gradually forming a focus on national and local economic and social construction5University subject group. The traditional advantageous materials and textile discipline group, in addition to supporting and leading the technological innovation of the textile industry, also focuses on the fields of high-tech and high-performance new materials and composite materials based on fiber and textile technology; the environmental, chemical, bioengineering, and science discipline group gradually expanded on the basis of traditional advantageous disciplines, focuses on the fields of environmental energy, energy conservation and emission reduction, circular economy, etc.; the early established mechanical, information and computer discipline group focuses on the fields of advanced manufacturing and information technology application; adapt to the new advantageous and characteristic disciplines gradually formed by Shanghai's development——Clothing and art discipline group, focusing on the creative industry and the construction of Shanghai's international metropolis; the number of students in school accounts for the entire school1/3's management, humanities, and foreign language subject groups, focusing on Shanghai"Economic center, trade center, financial center, shipping center"Fields of construction and modern service industry development. A new discipline framework that is distinctive, multi-disciplinary and serves the construction of an innovative country is gradually being formed.
