Several major issues regarding the in-depth implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development

Wen Jiabao

（《Seeking Truth》2008Year11month2Published on the same day)

The Scientific Outlook on Development is an important guiding principle for my country’s economic and social development and a major strategic thought that must be upheld and implemented in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Carrying out in-depth study and practice of the scientific outlook on development activities throughout the party is to truly guide the enthusiasm of all parties to the track of scientific development, seize opportunities, respond to challenges, and achieve longer, higher-level, and better-quality development at a new starting point; achieve all-round development that combines economic development with social progress, political system reform with economic system reform, openness and compatibility with independent innovation, and the spirit of the times with cultural traditions. We must proceed from the overall international and domestic situation, further enhance the sense of urgency and consciousness in implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development, focus on solving the contradictions and problems that restrict scientific development, accelerate the construction of systems and mechanisms that are conducive to scientific development, improve the ability and quality of leading scientific development, and strive to create a new situation in scientific development.

　　1. Macroeconomic control must be strengthened and improved to promote long-term, sound and rapid economic development

The first essence of the scientific outlook on development is development. Development is of decisive significance for building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and accelerating socialist modernization. It has always been the top priority of our party in governing and rejuvenating the country, and is the key to solving all problems in China. The development required by the Scientific Outlook on Development is a development that is both good and fast, a development that is both speed and structure, quality and efficiency, and a development that is long-term, stable and sustainable.

In recent years, our country has achieved world-renowned development achievements. The most significant thing is that it has maintained stable and rapid economic development and avoided major ups and downs.2003To2007year, average annual GDP growth10.6%, is one of the best periods with fast growth, long duration and high stability since the reform and opening up.

We have always insisted on maintaining stable and rapid economic development and preventing major ups and downs as the primary goal of promoting scientific development. In accordance with the requirements of this goal, we must strengthen and improve macro-control and effectively prevent emerging problems from evolving into trend problems, and local problems from evolving into overall problems. First, we must correctly grasp the direction, intensity and rhythm of macro-control and strive to improve the effectiveness of regulation. We not only focus on maintaining the continuity and stability of macroeconomic policies, but also make timely and appropriate adjustments. Give better play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources, correctly perform the government's function of regulating the economy, mainly use economic and legal means, supplemented by necessary administrative means, to effectively overcome market defects and respond to the impact of emergencies. The second is to seize the key, highlight the key points, and strive to improve the pertinence of regulation. We promptly discover and solve tendencies and key issues that affect the overall situation. In response to the problems of reduced grain production and weak agricultural foundation, we continued to increase financial investment and policy support, promoting a stable increase in grain production and a sustained increase in farmers' income. In response to the problems of excessive investment growth, excessive currency investment, and excessive w88 surplus, we must strictly control land and credit“Two gates”and market access thresholds, reasonably regulate the monetary aggregate, adjust export rebate rates and tariff rates multiple times, reform the RMB exchange rate formation mechanism, enhance exchange rate flexibility, and make“Three offenses”Problem alleviated. In response to structural and imported price rises, a series of policies and measures were adopted to increase effective supply and curb unreasonable demand. As a result, the increase in consumer prices declined and the inflationary momentum was initially curbed. The third is to treat them differently, maintain and suppress, and strive to improve the flexibility of regulation. It not only reasonably controls the total amount, but also actively adjusts the structure. On the one hand, we must resolutely curb the expansion of investment demand, curb the export of high energy-consuming, high-pollution and resource-based products, and accelerate the elimination of backward production capabilities; on the other hand, we must continue to strengthen weak links and key areas, and increase support for agricultural development, energy conservation and emission reduction, independent innovation, improvement of people's livelihood, development of central and western regions, and deepening of reform.

Our country’s economy has achieved success30Years of rapid growth are not easy. It is even more difficult to maintain the good momentum of economic development for a long time. We must be soberly aware that this year is the most difficult year for economic development in recent years. The international financial and economic situation is becoming more complex and changeable. The turmoil in the international financial market has intensified, the global economy has slowed down significantly, and the overall situation has further deteriorated. Although international oil prices have fallen somewhat, they are still fluctuating at a high level and inflationary pressure is still high. The impact of these unfavorable factors on our country has been and will continue to be apparent, and this must be fully estimated. There are also many outstanding problems in the operation of the domestic economy. The pressure of rising prices has not been fundamentally relieved. The supply of coal, electricity and oil transportation is tight. The growth rate of some regions and industries has dropped significantly. The stock and real estate markets have experienced great fluctuations. The pressure on fiscal revenue to reduce revenue and increase expenditure has increased. Recently, we have made timely and targeted adjustments to our macroeconomic policies. In the next few months, we must closely observe and effectively respond to changes in the situation, strive to achieve stable and rapid economic development throughout the year, and lay a solid foundation for next year. We must not only look at this year and next year, but also look further ahead. We must consciously follow the requirements of the Scientific Outlook on Development and strive to promote long-term, sound and rapid development of the national economy. From a macro perspective, the following three issues must be addressed.

First, we must strike a balance between stable and rapid economic development and curbing inflation. In the past few years, my country's economy has grown rapidly and the price level has been low, which is rare in the world. Judging from international experience, it is very difficult to maintain high growth and low inflation for a long time. Since the beginning of this year, my country's economic growth has slowed down from its high level, inflationary pressure has increased, and the impact of adverse changes in the world economic situation on my country may become more severe. Under the complex domestic and international situation, it is very difficult to maintain stable and rapid economic growth while keeping prices within an affordable range. This requires us to pay close attention to changes in the situation, adjust macroeconomic policies in a timely and appropriate manner, enhance the pertinence, flexibility and effectiveness of regulation, grasp the balance between economic development and price control, and avoid focusing on one at the expense of the other. We must be clearly aware that without a certain economic growth rate, there will be difficulties in employment, fiscal revenue, and social development, it will be difficult to improve people's livelihood problems, and the factors affecting social stability will increase. Under the current turbulent international financial and economic situation, maintaining the stable and rapid development of our country's economy must be placed in a more important position. At the same time, we must also fully understand the harmful effects of inflation on economic development, people's lives and social stability, and we must not take it lightly at any time.

Second, further expand domestic demand, especially household consumption demand. Total contradictions in my country's economic operation are always intertwined with structural contradictions. Although total demand is relatively strong, the proportion of domestic demand in total demand has been declining year by year. Residential consumption, especially consumption by middle- and low-income residents and rural consumption, has grown slowly. In the current situation of slowing world economic growth and severe export situation, expanding domestic demand, especially consumer demand, is particularly important for expanding economic development space, promoting the basic balance of international payments and preventing economic decline. In the medium to long term, expanding consumption has huge market potential and room for development. This is my country's advantage and an important basis for resisting external shocks. We must adhere to expanding domestic demand as the basic foothold of economic development, maintain a reasonable investment scale on the basis of optimizing the structure, be determined to adjust the national income distribution pattern, focus on expanding consumer demand, especially residents' consumption demand, coordinate and solve institutional problems that affect immediate consumption, reduce and eliminate residents' worries about expanding consumption, and increase the contribution rate of consumption to economic growth.

Third, strive to promote a basic balance of international payments. In recent years, my country’s international revenue support has continued“Double surplus”, the foreign exchange reserves have increased significantly. This is the result of our country taking advantage of its advantages and actively participating in international competition. Maintaining necessary foreign w88 surplus and foreign exchange reserves is necessary for economic development, increasing employment and resisting risks. However, excessive foreign w88 surplus and excessive foreign exchange reserves will also intensify w88 frictions, increase the difficulty of financial regulation and foreign exchange reserve asset management, and reduce the effectiveness of monetary policy and resource utilization efficiency. At the same time, excessive reliance on external demand for economic growth will squeeze domestic effective demand and increase the risk of external shocks. This is something that needs to be mitigated and avoided. We must deepen the reform of the foreign-related economic system, improve the international balance of payments control system and mechanism, and promote a basic balance of international payments.

　　2. Urban and rural development must be coordinated and resolved properly“Three Rural Areas”The issue is the top priority of the whole party’s work

The issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers have always been fundamental issues related to the overall work of the party and the country. We must understand that the success or failure of China's modernization depends on agriculture. Without agricultural modernization, there will be no modernization of the entire country. In recent years, we have continuously strengthened“Three Rural Areas”Work, promoting the increase of agricultural production and farmers' income as the primary task, and has adopted a series of major measures in terms of systems, policies and inputs. The abolition of agricultural taxes ended the history of farmers paying taxes on farming, established an agricultural subsidy system, significantly increased agricultural inputs, and greatly mobilized farmers' enthusiasm. Agricultural production has continued to increase and farmers' incomes have continued to increase. This has played a key role in controlling inflation, promoting stable and rapid economic development, and maintaining social harmony and stability. At the same time, we must also note that my country's agricultural and rural development is still in a difficult climbing stage. Problems such as fragile agricultural infrastructure, lagging rural economic and social development, and widening income gaps between urban and rural residents are quite prominent. Agriculture and rural areas are still the weakest link in my country's development. To comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society, the most arduous and arduous task lies in rural areas. The key to achieving scientific development is to make greater determination, spend more effort, and use more strength to solve the problem“Three Rural Areas”Question.

First, effectively ensure the supply of grain and other major agricultural products. Food has always been the foundation for economic development, social stability and national security, and no mistakes can be made at any time. In terms of guiding ideology, we must always insist on being domestically based and achieve basic self-sufficiency in food.13In a country with a population of 100 million, if there is a problem with food and agriculture, no one can help us. Placing hopes on importing large quantities of grain is unrealistic and carries great risks. Efforts must be made to maintain a tight balance between food supply and demand. If grain output is too low, food security will be threatened; if grain supply exceeds demand, grain prices will fall, and low grain prices will hurt farmers. With limited arable land and a certain period of time, there is a w88-off relationship between the cultivation of grain and other agricultural products. Maintaining a tight balance between grain supply and demand is not only conducive to the basic stability of grain output and prices, but also conducive to the development of diversified operations to meet the people's diversified needs for agricultural products.

In terms of specific measures, we must implement the strictest protection of cultivated land and the strictest land conservation“Two systems”. Protecting cultivated land means protecting agricultural productivity. Central requirements,18The red line of 100 million acres of cultivated land must be adhered to20208465_8517“Two levers”. At present, the prices of grain and other agricultural products in our country are on the low side and need to be gradually and appropriately increased. This is a fundamental measure to promote agricultural production. However, the price of agricultural products has risen too much for a while, and the low- and middle-income people in urban and rural areas cannot bear it. Therefore, we must take an overall look at the price of agricultural products and strive to keep the prices of agricultural products at a reasonable level. Subsidizing agriculture is a long-term national policy. This year our subsidies to farmers will reach1028Billion yuan. If the financial situation is good in the future, we will be determined to increase it significantly. Policies to support grain production should be tilted towards main producing areas, and the state's financial incentives for grain-producing counties should be further increased. We must strengthen scientific and technological progress and farmland infrastructure“Two means”. Increase investment in agricultural science and technology, strive to make breakthroughs in key areas and frontier areas of agricultural science and technology, strengthen the promotion of scientific and technological achievements, and increase the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology. At the same time, we will strengthen agricultural infrastructure construction focusing on water conservancy and increase basic farmland with high and stable yields.

The second is to promote farmers’ continuous increase in income. To solve the problem of farmers' income, the most important thing is to expand farmers' employment. It is necessary to combine internal and external measures and take multiple measures. It is necessary to tap the income-increasing potential within agriculture, make adequate efforts to adjust the structure of the planting industry, intensively cultivate cultivated land, and actively develop characteristic agriculture, ecological agriculture, and tourism and sightseeing agriculture. It is also necessary to expand the employment and income-increasing space of rural secondary and tertiary industries, and to expand transfer channels for migrant workers and businesses. We will regard strengthening the county economy as a major strategy, actively develop rural secondary and tertiary industries, accelerate the development of township enterprises and the construction of small towns, and create more employment and income opportunities for farmers.

The third is to strengthen rural infrastructure construction. To coordinate urban and rural development, we must speed up the pace of rural infrastructure construction and narrow the gap between urban and rural infrastructure. Many rural infrastructure constructions are public welfare undertakings, and governments at all levels have unshirkable responsibilities. In coordinating urban and rural infrastructure construction, we must focus on rural areas and continuously increase investment. However, rural infrastructure construction cannot and should not be completely undertaken by the government. We must give full play to the main role of farmers and guide them to improve their production and living conditions through their hard work. The national finance must also provide direct subsidies or“Replacement with award”Give encouragement.

The fourth is to coordinate the promotion of urbanization and new rural construction. Promoting urbanization and building new rural areas are two important components that complement each other and are indispensable in my country's modernization strategic layout. On the one hand, urbanization is a major trend in the transformation of economic and social structures and must be promoted unswervingly. The orderly transfer of the rural population will lay the foundation for improving agricultural labor productivity and accelerating rural development. On the other hand, there will always be hundreds of millions of people living in rural areas in our country for a long time to come, and a considerable number of migrant workers in cities will still“Two-way flow”, farmers’ homes must be built well. It is necessary to coordinately promote urbanization and new rural construction, reasonably grasp the speed of urbanization, and actively and steadily guide rural population transfer. Make urbanization compatible with economic and social development, coordinate with the construction of new rural areas, and strive to form a situation in which urbanization and new rural construction interact and promote each other.

Fifth, continue to deepen rural reform. The two-tier management system based on household contract management and integrating unified management and decentralization has wide adaptability and strong vitality, and is very popular among farmers. On the basis of household contract management, various forms of large-scale land management can be developed. However, the principles of voluntariness, legality and compensation must be followed and cannot be enforced regardless of conditions. In particular, we must be cautious about land shareholding, long-term leasing and other forms. Because economic development is subject to fluctuations, the employment of many migrant farmers is unstable. As long as the contracted land remains, even if farmers return to their hometowns after losing their jobs, their lives will still be guaranteed. Therefore, stabilizing the basic rural management system and protecting farmers’ land contract rights are the Party’s basic rural policies and must be adhered to in the long term. The reform of the collective forest rights system enriches and improves the basic rural management system and is another major breakthrough in rural reform. We must conscientiously implement it in accordance with the central government's deployment. We must continue to promote comprehensive rural reform to2012Basically completed the task of reforming township institutions and focused on strengthening the social management and public service functions of township governments. Expand the pilot program for fiscal system reform in counties under direct provincial administration, and prioritize large agricultural counties in the pilot program. Where conditions permit, a system in which the province directly manages counties can be explored in accordance with the law.

　　3. We must vigorously promote independent innovation and accelerate the strategic adjustment of the economic structure

The key to achieving scientific development is to make substantial progress in transforming the development model and improving the overall quality and international competitiveness of the national economy.

Improving independent innovation capabilities is the main breakthrough to promote scientific development, and is an effective way to fundamentally improve the country's scientific and technological economic competitiveness and build an economically powerful country. In today's international competitive landscape, real core technologies and key technologies cannot be bought. We must find a path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics and form strong original innovation capabilities, integrated innovation capabilities, and the ability to introduce, digest, absorb and re-innovate. In particular, the strategic focus of independent innovation must be placed on breaking through key technologies that restrict economic and social development, solving major scientific and technological issues that restrict economic and social development, and focusing on supporting basic research, cutting-edge technology research, and social welfare research that are related to the national economy and people's livelihood, national security, and long-term interests. It is necessary to accelerate the organic integration of science and technology and economy. Give full play to the main role of enterprises in independent innovation, vigorously promote the integration of industry, academia and research, improve the mechanism to encourage enterprises to increase R&D investment, and promote the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements; give full play to the leading role of the government in independent innovation, strengthen and improve the government's science and technology macro management system, and create a policy environment conducive to scientific and technological innovation and talent growth; give full play to the fundamental role of the market in allocating innovation resources to stimulate the innovative vitality of enterprises and the whole society. In particular, we must give full play to the important role of human resources in independent innovation. We must effectively strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights. In the new era, the competition in world science and technology and economy is to a large extent the competition in intellectual property rights. As the basic system for developing and utilizing knowledge resources, attaching importance to the protection of intellectual property rights means attaching importance to and encouraging innovation. We must regard intellectual property strategy as an important strategy for national development, actively create a good legal environment, market environment, and cultural environment for intellectual property, and significantly improve our ability to create, use, protect, and manage intellectual property.

Accelerating structural optimization and upgrading is an important way to promote scientific development. We must adhere to the path of new industrialization with Chinese characteristics, vigorously promote the integration of informatization and industrialization, and form a modern industrial system with high-tech industries as the forerunner, basic industries and manufacturing as the support, and the service industry as a whole. At present, the weak links that must be strengthened are the service industry and the equipment manufacturing industry. my country's service industry has developed slowly for a long time. Last year, the added value of the service industry accounted forGDP11561_1156740%, there is still great potential for development. It is necessary to fully implement several opinions of the State Council on accelerating the development of the service industry and vigorously develop production-oriented service industries. Prioritize the development of the transportation industry and improve the professional and social service level of logistics; actively develop the information service industry and promote the integration of informatization and industrialization, especially accelerating the development of the software industry; develop the financial services industry in an orderly manner and encourage the development of scientific and technological services, legal consulting and other service industries. We will further develop the service industry oriented to people's livelihood, actively expand new service areas, and continuously cultivate new growth points in the service industry. Accelerate the construction of the service industry market system, optimize the service industry organizational structure, and improve the service industry's marketization, industrialization, socialization and internationalization levels.

The level of equipment manufacturing industry is an important indicator of the degree of industrialization of a country. If our country wants to become the world's manufacturing center, it must have a strong equipment manufacturing industry. At present, the development of the equipment manufacturing industry is lagging behind, and the problems of poor product reliability and weak complete set capabilities are very prominent. This situation must be changed as soon as possible, improve the R&D and design capabilities, manufacturing capabilities and integration capabilities of major equipment, develop major complete sets of equipment, high-tech equipment and equipment required for high-tech industries, and promote the greening, informatization and localization of the equipment manufacturing industry. At the same time, we must vigorously develop information, biology, new materials, aerospace, marine and other industries, continue to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries such as steel, chemicals, building materials, and textiles, and accelerate the development of modern energy industries. Labor-intensive industries will still be my country's competitive advantage for a long time. The development of labor-intensive industries is determined by my country's basic national conditions. It is an important way to expand employment and must be actively supported. However, it is necessary to adjust the layout, optimize the structure, and improve the level and efficiency.

Promoting coordinated regional development is a long-term task to promote scientific development. In recent years, on the basis of continuing to actively support the eastern region in taking the lead in development and further promoting the development of the western region, we have vigorously promoted the rise of the central region and comprehensively revitalized old industrial bases such as the northeastern region. The overall regional development strategy has made significant progress, and the east, middle and west have begun to complement each other's advantages and interact positively. However, the problem of uneven regional development is still very prominent. Promoting the coordinated development of regional economies and gradually narrowing regional development gaps are the focus and difficulty of achieving scientific development. They are major issues that must be resolved with long-term efforts in the process of modernization in my country and are related to the overall situation. Whether it is the eastern region or the central and western regions, we must care about and safeguard this overall situation.

To promote the coordinated development of the regional economy, we must persist in optimizing the land development pattern, accelerate the formation of a number of economic circles and economic belts with strong driving forces and close connections, form urban agglomerations with large radiation effects, cultivate new economic growth poles, and form a new pattern in which the eastern region drives the development of the central and western regions. We must see that as factor costs continue to rise in eastern coastal areas such as the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta and the Bohai Rim, their existing advantages are weakening, and it is difficult for traditional development methods to go further. Coupled with changes in the international situation and intensified competition from neighboring countries, it is urgent to accelerate economic transformation and structural upgrading. However, in the central and western regions, infrastructure is gradually improving, factor cost advantages are obvious, and there is still relatively large room for development. Under this circumstance, an important direction to promote coordinated regional development is to accelerate the gradient transfer of industries from the eastern coastal areas to the central and western regions, so as to form a more reasonable and effective regional industrial division of labor. If the eastern region wants to take the lead in development, it must make early determination, speed up adjustments and optimize its structure. Focus on developing modern service industries, equipment manufacturing and high-tech industries, enhance independent innovation capabilities, sustainable development capabilities and international competitiveness, and better radiate and promote the development of the central and western regions. The development of the central and western regions must be based on their own reality, fully draw on the experience and lessons of the development of the eastern region, and avoid detours. It is necessary to enhance the initiative to undertake industrial transfers, create a good investment environment, and closely integrate it with its own industrial layout, structural adjustment, energy conservation and environmental protection and other requirements to cultivate new advantages for regional development. The western region is short of water and has poor ecological conditions. Projects with high energy consumption, high water consumption, and high pollution must not be introduced. Don't be hungry and choose food, and don't refuse anyone who comes. It is still necessary to vigorously develop advantageous and characteristic industries and labor-intensive industries. We must resolutely break down regional barriers and protectionism, guide the rational flow of production factors across regions, and coordinate and consider the scale, structure, layout and timing of productive forces in accordance with the main functional area planning and policies, and form a new situation of coordinated interaction, mutual promotion, and scientific development between the East, the West, and the West. Supporting the development of the central and western regions and old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, areas with depleted mineral resources, and poverty-stricken areas is a major policy related to the overall national economy. It must be persisted unswervingly for a long time and gradually improved with the times.

　　4. We must adhere to the basic national policies of resource conservation and environmental protection, and enhance the capacity for sustainable development

The basic requirement of the scientific outlook on development is comprehensive coordination and sustainability. To implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must adhere to the civilized development path of production development, affluent life, and good ecology, build a resource-saving, environment-friendly society, achieve the unity of speed and structural quality and efficiency, and coordinate economic development with population, resources, and the environment, so that the people can work and live in a good ecological environment, and achieve sustainable economic and social development.

The resources and environment are the basic conditions for human survival and development. Most natural resources are non-renewable, and once the ecological environment is damaged, recovery is very difficult and costly, and some are even irreversible. my country's per capita resources are relatively scarce and its environmental carrying capacity is weak. As the economic aggregate expands and the population continues to increase, the contradiction of insufficient strategic resources such as energy, fresh water, land, and minerals has become more and more acute, especially the increasing dependence on foreign countries for oil. The long-term situation of high investment, high consumption, high pollution, low output, and low efficiency has not fundamentally changed. The resulting serious pollution of water quality, atmosphere, soil, etc., and the emission of major pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide ranks among the top in the world. If these problems are not solved, our resources will not be able to support it, the environment will not be able to accommodate it, society will not be able to bear it, and economic development will not be sustainable. As long as people today still have a long-term vision and consider the well-being of future generations, they must change unsustainable production and consumption methods and win faster and longer-term development at a smaller cost to resources and the environment.

In recent years, the country has introduced a series of policies and measures for conservation and environmental protection, which are achieving positive results, but the task is still very arduous. The resource and environmental problems that have arisen in stages during the industrialization process of developed countries for more than 200 years are concentrated in our country at this stage. The problems that developed countries took decades to solve after their economies became highly developed, we have to gradually solve in five to ten years, which is unprecedentedly difficult. Strengthening resource conservation and environmental protection is like sailing against the current. If we do not advance, we will retreat. We must integrate these two tasks into the overall economic and social development, pay close attention to them, and strive to achieve economical development, clean development, and sustainable development. The first is to coordinate the promotion of economic and social development, resource conservation, and environmental protection. Domestic and foreign experience shows that the resource-saving development model and the beautiful ecological environment of mountains and rivers are becoming new competitive advantages. Saving resources is to enhance development potential, and protecting the environment is to protect productivity. This is not only important for developed areas, but also indispensable for underdeveloped areas. In the process of socialist modernization, we must coordinate economic and social development with resource conservation and environmental protection, take resource continuity capabilities and ecological environment capacity as important basis for economic construction, and promote the mutual coordination and mutual promotion of economic and social development, resource conservation, and environmental protection. The second is to build a national economic system and social organization system that is resource-saving and environmentally friendly. All areas of the modern national economic system utilize resources and affect the environment to varying degrees. Promoting conservation and environmental protection in one or several aspects alone cannot fundamentally alleviate the constraints of resources and the environment on economic development. This requires us to comprehensively and systematically implement the basic national policies of resource conservation and environmental protection from a higher level and a broader scope. In all aspects of production, construction, circulation, consumption, and in various fields such as industry, agriculture, transportation, construction, and services, we must strengthen the comprehensive utilization of resources, strengthen ecological and environmental protection, and vigorously develop a circular economy; in all aspects of social organizations, we must promote production methods, lifestyles, and consumption patterns that are conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection. The third is to solve the outstanding problems of resource waste and environmental pollution. Focus on saving energy, water, land, and materials to reduce energy resource consumption per unit of output. In particular, we must improve energy conservation in industry, transportation and buildings, accelerate the elimination of backward production capabilities in high-energy-consuming and high-emission industries, and develop clean and renewable energy. We must make the prevention and control of water, air, and soil pollution a top priority, reduce the total amount of pollutant emissions, implement pollution prevention and control tasks in key river basins and regions, improve urban sewage and garbage treatment capabilities, and strengthen the protection of water sources and the prevention and control of rural non-point source pollution. The fourth is to improve the long-term mechanism for saving resources and protecting the environment. It is necessary to gradually establish an operating mechanism with government guidance, regulatory support, enterprise-centeredness, and public participation. Party committees and governments at all levels should regard conservation and environmental protection as a hard task for promoting scientific development and a hard indicator for assessing cadres at all levels, implement fiscal, taxation, and price policies that are conducive to conservation and environmental protection, and improve the energy conservation and emission reduction indicator system, monitoring system, and assessment system. Improve the laws, regulations and standards system for conservation and environmental protection. Companies must strictly enforce environmental regulations and emission standards. Environmental protection must be incorporated into the national education system and become a conscious action for all citizens and society as a whole. Fifth, actively respond to climate change issues. Scientific observations show that after the industrial revolution, with the extensive use of fossil fuels, the concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has continued to rise, which is an important cause of global warming. It has caused many problems such as glacier retreat, sea level rise, and an increase in extreme climate events, and has had a serious negative impact on the human living environment. As a responsible big country, our country must take practical and effective actions on emission reduction issues. We must conscientiously implement China's National Plan to Address Climate Change and strengthen capacity building to address climate change. Actively participate in the formulation and implementation of international conventions to address climate change, safeguard national environmental and development rights and interests, and make new contributions to mitigating global climate change.

　　5. We must persist in putting people first, governing for the people, and strive to develop social undertakings focusing on improving people's livelihood

The core of the scientific outlook on development is people-oriented. In essence, the results of development are to be reflected in improving people's living standards, in meeting people's material and cultural needs, and in realizing the all-round development of people. Throughout the modernization process, meeting people's growing material and cultural needs through development has always been the main contradiction we have to solve. Only by persisting in ensuring and improving people's livelihood can we stimulate the people's enthusiasm, initiative and creativity in promoting scientific development and win the trust, support and support of the broad masses. Under the new situation, we must pay more attention to the coordinated development of the economy and society, make overall plans, highlight key points, strengthen weak links, and accelerate the development of social undertakings; focus on improving people's lives and do our best to solve the practical difficulties of low-income urban and rural residents; focus on promoting social fairness and justice, and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the people.

Education must be placed in a strategic position of priority development. As the cornerstone of national development, education is related to the prosperity of the nation, the well-being of the people and the future of the country. It is a century-old plan and a long-term project. Only first-class education can provide first-class talents and first-class national strength can build a first-class country. In recent years, we have taken major steps in developing education and promoting educational equity. Significantly increase investment in education, implement free compulsory education in urban and rural areas across the country, fully integrate rural compulsory education into the scope of public financial guarantees, establish and improve the scholarship and bursary system for ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities, higher and secondary vocational schools, and promote the coordinated development of all types of education at all levels. But generally speaking, education has not yet adapted to the new requirements of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. The education system needs to be reformed, the level of education needs to be improved, and investment in education needs to be increased. Adhering to the principle of rejuvenating the country through education, building the country through education, and strengthening the country through education, and placing education in a strategic position of priority development are the long-term policies that need to be adhered to in my country's modernization drive. We should use reform as the driving force, focus on strengthening weak links, and concentrate on doing things that satisfy the public and add impetus to the development of education. At present, the country is working hard to formulate an outline of a medium- and long-term reform and development plan for education, which will be used in the future12Education reform and development will be comprehensively deployed. Strive to formulate a planning outline that is oriented to the future, the world, and modernization, is based on basic national conditions, and embodies the spirit of prioritizing development, promoting equity, and reform and innovation. The process of formulating the planning outline should be regarded as a process of emancipating the mind, forming consensus, and advancing work. Relevant departments, units, and local governments at all levels must understand this problem and do this work well from the perspective of scientific development.

Improvement of people’s health quality should be regarded as an important goal of improving people’s livelihood. Accelerating the construction of a basic medical and health system covering urban and rural residents and continuously improving the health quality of the entire population are major livelihood issues, an inevitable requirement for the implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development, and an important measure to safeguard social fairness and justice. It is also the focus of our efforts. In recent years, governments at all levels have increased investment and carried out the largest public health system construction since the founding of the People's Republic of China, basically establishing a disease prevention and control and emergency medical treatment system covering urban and rural areas with relatively complete functions; the pilot project of the new rural cooperative medical system has been expanded to the whole country90%16823_17272

We must place the expansion of employment in a prominent position in economic and social development. Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood, is related to the vital interests of hundreds of millions of workers and their families, and is an important foundation for achieving scientific development and promoting social harmony. We must strive to regard the process of economic development as a process that promotes the continued expansion of employment, create an economic development model that is conducive to expanding employment, and form a diversified employment pattern that adapts to our country's national conditions. At the same time, we should give full play to the advantages of the service industry in accommodating more jobs and consuming less resources, continue to encourage the development of competitive labor-intensive industries, encourage the development of individual private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, and encourage college students to find employment and start businesses at the grassroots level, in enterprises and in backward areas. Carry out various forms of vocational training, especially skills training for rural employment-age people, to enhance their employability and do everything possible to expand employment.

The improvement of the social security system must be regarded as the fundamental plan for rejuvenating the country. The social security system is the fundamental system that ensures the long-term stability of the country. In recent years, my country's social security has entered a period of rapid development. The number of urban employees covered by basic pension and medical insurance has exceeded 1.2100 million people1.8billion people; the pilot program for basic pension personal accounts has been expanded to11provinces; on the basis of three consecutive years of raising the pension standard for enterprise retirees, it will be raised for three consecutive years starting this year; the urban minimum living security system has been continuously improved. Last year, a comprehensive minimum living security system was established in rural areas across the country, and the urban and rural social assistance system has been further improved. These measures have played a role in ensuring the basic living standards of urban and rural residents, maintaining social stability, promoting economic development, promoting social equity, and enhancing national welfare. However, the current social security system still has prominent contradictions such as uneven urban and rural development, narrow coverage, low level of coordination, difficulty in transfer and continuity, and high pressure on fund payment. We must persist“Wide coverage, basic protection, multi-level, sustainable”'s policy to accelerate the improvement of the social security system covering urban and rural residents. What needs to be emphasized is that improving the social security system must take into account the affordability of the country, enterprises, institutions, and individuals, meet the security needs of people at different levels in urban and rural areas in a targeted manner, and reasonably determine the system model and treatment standards that are compatible with the level of economic development. At present, we must focus on basic pensions, basic medical care, and the minimum living security system, gradually improve the coordination level and security level, and formulate a nationally unified method for the carryover of social insurance relationships.

Solving the problem of affordable housing must be an important task of the government. Our country is in a period of rapid urbanization and is facing the largest population migration in the world. We must attach great importance to solving the problem of affordable housing from an overall and strategic perspective. It is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable housing construction and consumption model based on the basic national conditions of more people and less land. In particular, greater efforts must be made to solve the housing difficulties of low-income people in cities. It is necessary to further improve the three systems of urban low-rent housing, housing provident fund and affordable housing, and continuously increase financial investment. At the same time, we will gradually improve the living conditions of migrant workers and solve the housing security problem of rural people in need.

In the recent period, food safety incidents and production safety accidents have occurred continuously, seriously damaging people's lives and health, causing extremely bad social impact, and the lessons have been profound. Food and drug safety and safe production are the most direct, most realistic and interest issues of greatest concern to the people. They are major livelihood issues that require unremitting efforts and must not be relaxed in the slightest. Growth and profits must not be sought at the expense of people's health or even at the expense of workers' lives. On this issue, governments at all levels must have a clear understanding, a clear stance, strict discipline, and powerful measures. It is necessary to implement leadership responsibilities and strengthen administrative accountability. It is necessary to effectively strengthen the supervision of all aspects of research and development, production, circulation, consumption and other aspects, rectify the market order, improve the quality of food and medicine, so that the people can eat and use with confidence.“Safety responsibility is more important than mountains”, leading cadres at all levels must establish“Promoting economic development is a political achievement, and focusing on production safety is also a political achievement”, earnestly implement the policy of safety first, prevention first, and comprehensive management, adhere to the principle of treating both the symptoms and root causes, and focus on the root cause, so that the national safety production situation will fundamentally improve as soon as possible.

We must not only meet the material needs of the people, but also meet the growing and diverse cultural needs and promote the development and prosperity of socialist culture. It is necessary to establish the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the whole society, and vigorously promote the national spirit with patriotism as the core and the spirit of the times with reform and innovation as the core. Build a harmonious culture, promote Chinese culture, and promote cultural innovation. It is necessary to carry out education on the socialist concept of honor and disgrace, and strengthen the construction of citizen morality, corporate morality, and social morality. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the cultural system, accelerate the development of the cultural industry, prosper the cultural market, and provide the people with a variety of cultural products and services.

　　6. We must deepen reform and opening up and build systems and mechanisms conducive to scientific development

Reform and opening up is the eternal driving force for China's economic and social development, and is also an important guarantee for the implementation of the Scientific Outlook on Development. It will run through the entire process of socialist modernization and cannot be shaken at any time and under any circumstances. Only by deepening reform and opening up and building a system and mechanism that is dynamic, efficient, more open, and conducive to scientific development can we further liberate and develop social productive forces and continuously push forward socialism with Chinese characteristics.

We must continue to deepen the reform of key areas and key links and fight the tough battle of reform. The first is to speed up the reform of the resource and factor price formation mechanism. Further improve the price formation mechanism of production factors and resources that reflect market supply and demand, resource scarcity, and environmental damage costs, straighten out the price relationship of important products as soon as possible, and better leverage the regulatory role of price leverage in resource allocation and economic operations. The second is to promote the reform of the fiscal and taxation system. The fiscal and taxation system is an important factor in guiding local government behavior“Baton”. Only by truly establishing a fiscal and taxation system that is conducive to promoting scientific development can enterprises and government behaviors be reasonably guided. The main direction of deepening the reform of the fiscal and taxation system is to adjust the distribution pattern of national income, promote economic development and social progress, and promote social fairness and justice. It is necessary to improve a unified, standardized and transparent fiscal transfer payment system, improve the fiscal system below the provincial level; improve public finance functions, promote equalization of basic public services, and strive to support the solution of key people's livelihood issues. Accelerate the implementation of value-added tax transformation reform nationwide. The third is to deepen the reform of the financial system. Efforts should be made to build a modern financial system with multiple ownership and operating forms, reasonable structure, complete functions, efficient and safe, establish and improve the mechanism for the organic integration and coordinated development of the money market, capital market, and insurance market, maintain the overall stability of financial operations and financial markets, and effectively prevent systemic risks from foreign or domestic sources. While doing a good job in these three aspects of reform, we must comprehensively promote reforms in other fields that are compatible with the reform in the economic field. In particular, we must accelerate the reform of the administrative management system and accelerate the transformation of government functions so that governments at all levels can better perform their functions of economic regulation, market supervision, social management and public services.

Under the new situation of in-depth development of economic globalization, my country has more opportunities to participate in international division of labor and cooperation, and uncertainties and potential risks in the external environment are also increasing. It is more difficult and demanding to coordinate domestic development and opening up to the outside world. We must improve our ability to control both domestic and international situations, and safeguard and develop our country's fundamental interests under the conditions of further opening up. First, we must enhance the awareness of openness and expand the breadth and depth of opening up to the outside world. We should be good at seizing new development opportunities from changes in international and domestic conditions, creating new development conditions from the complementarity of international and domestic advantages, accelerating the transformation of development methods in the increasingly intensified international and domestic competition, making fuller use of both international and domestic markets and resources, and firmly grasping the initiative in opening up to the outside world. Second, we must enhance efficiency awareness and strive to improve the level of open economy. We should combine the use of favorable international conditions with giving full play to our own advantages, combine the expansion of the introduction of technology with the comprehensive enhancement of independent innovation capabilities, combine the use of foreign capital with the promotion of optimization and upgrading of domestic industrial structure, and implement“Go out”Combining strategies and alleviating domestic resource constraints. Accelerate the transformation of foreign w88 growth patterns, optimize the import and export structure, and promote the transformation and upgrading of processing w88. Comprehensively improve the utilization of foreign capital and accelerate the cultivation of my country's multinational companies and internationally renowned brands. Third, we must enhance risk awareness and effectively safeguard economic security in expanding opening up. As my country's all-round opening-up continues to develop, opportunities to participate in international economic cooperation are increasing, and uncertainties and potential risks in the external environment are also increasing. We must always keep a clear mind, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and safeguard national security. Fourth, we must enhance the awareness of cooperation and strive to create a good external environment. This is more important now than ever. We must make full use of various multilateral and bilateral organizations and mechanisms to expand the convergence of common interests, properly handle differences and frictions, and eliminate the international community's doubts and concerns about our country. It is necessary to promote the construction of a fair and reasonable international w88 and financial system, and strengthen and improve economic and w88 cooperation relations with various countries. We should deepen traditional friendship with developing countries, expand the scale of foreign aid to the best of our ability, improve foreign aid methods, and increase the effectiveness of foreign aid. At the same time, supervise“Go out”'s enterprises abide by international rules and assume corresponding social responsibilities.