"Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin on Scientific Development"
(Serial 3)
Deng Xiaoping on scientific development (2）
To build socialism, we must develop the productive forces. Poverty is not socialism. We insist on socialism. To build socialism that is superior to capitalism, we must first get rid of poverty. Although we are now pursuing socialism, in fact we are not qualified. Only when we reach the level of moderately developed countries by the middle of the next century can we truly say that we have developed socialism, and can we confidently say that socialism is superior to capitalism. Now we are on this path.
Deng Xiaoping "Socialism must get rid of poverty"(1987Year 4Month 26日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume225page
Our original goal was to double the number in the 1980s as a first step. to 198○is the base year. At that time, the per capita GDP was only 250 US dollars, which doubled to 500 US dollars. The second step is to double the income to one thousand US dollars per capita by the end of this century. Achieving this goal means that we will enter a moderately prosperous society and turn a poor China into a moderately prosperous China. At that time, the gross national product exceeded one trillion US dollars. Although the per capita figure was still very low, the country's power had greatly increased. The more important goal we have set is the third step, which is to quadruple the income in the next thirty to fifty years, roughly reaching an average of US$4,000 per capita. By achieving this step, China will reach the level of moderate development. This is our ambition.
Deng Xiaoping's "Learn from Historical Experience and Prevent Wrong Tendencies" (1987Year4month30日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume226page
China needs to solve the poverty problem of one billion people and the development problem of one billion people. If capitalism is adopted, a few people may become rich, but a large number of people will remain in poverty for a long time, and China will have the problem of revolution. China's modernization can only rely on socialism, not capitalism.
Deng Xiaoping's "Learn from Historical Experience and Prevent Wrong Tendencies" (1987Year4month30日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume229page
Carrying out socialist modernization is the basic line. To engage in modernization and make China prosperous, first, we must implement reform and opening policies; second, we must adhere to the four basic principles, mainly upholding the leadership of the party, adhering to the socialist road, opposing bourgeois liberalization, and opposing taking the capitalist road. These two basic points are interdependent.
Deng Xiaoping's "Two Basic Points of my country's Principles and Policies" (1987Year7month4日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume248page
Socialism itself is the primary stage of communism, and China is in the primary stage of socialism, which is the stage of underdevelopment. Everything must start from this reality and make plans based on this reality.
Deng Xiaoping "Everything starts from the reality of the primary stage of socialism" (1987Year8month29日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume252page
As far as our country is concerned, the first thing is to get rid of poverty. To get rid of poverty, we must find a faster development path.
Poverty is not socialism, and neither is socialism if development is too slow. Otherwise, what are the advantages of socialism?
Deng Xiaoping's "The cause we are doing is a brand new cause" (1987Year10month13日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume255page
What we need to pay attention to now is not to develop too fast, but to control the speed appropriately. Otherwise, supporting facilities, energy, raw materials, and funds will not be able to keep up. In particular, we will not be able to lay a good foundation for the development potential of the next century. As we plan for continuous development over several decades, we must avoid twists and turns, and even more, we must avoid regression. The overall point is to speed up the pace, and while speeding up the pace, the mind must be calm and the steps must be steady.
Deng Xiaoping meets with Franz, Governor of Bavaria and Chairman of the Christian Social Union of the Federal Republic of Germany—Joseph·Conversation during Strauss(1987Year10month16日), "Chronicle of Deng Xiaoping (1975"——1997)》(Part 2)1212page
The undertaking we are doing now is a new undertaking. Marx did not talk about it, our predecessors have not done it, and other socialist countries have not done it. Therefore, there is no ready-made experience to learn from. We can only learn by doing and explore in practice. What we are doing now is to strive to turn China into a modern socialist country. It will take another fifty or sixty years to reach the level of a moderately developed country economically, and it will take hundreds of years since the founding of the People's Republic of China. We must adhere to the tradition of the best period in the decades since the founding of the party, which is to work hard, be cautious and conscientious. We must also realize that our road is long, we will encounter many difficulties, and mistakes are inevitable. The key is to constantly sum up experience and democratize the life of our party and the political life of our country. In this way, more people's opinions can be heard, especially the opinions of the people.
Deng Xiaoping's "Two Characteristics of the Thirteenth National Congress" (1987Year11month16日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume258-259page
We must study development issues from the perspective of all mankind. We welcome the continued development of developed countries, but the continued development of developed countries cannot be based on the continued poverty of many developing countries. I told my Latin American friends a few days ago that I not only hope that there will be a Pacific Era in the next century, but also a Latin American Era, a West Asian Era, and an African Era, so that the world can be truly stable.
Deng Xiaoping met with Chase·Conversation at the Manhattan Bank International Advisory Committee Delegation (1988Year5month24日), "Chronicle of Deng Xiaoping (1975"——1997)》(Part 2)1233page
The key for China to solve all problems is to rely on its own development.
Deng Xiaoping's "The more liberated the mind, the faster the pace of reform" (1988Year5month25日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume265page
There is no foolproof plan for reform. The problem is to make it more prudent and choose the right method and timing. It is impossible not to make mistakes. We must strive to make smaller mistakes and make timely adjustments when encountering problems. This is a risky thing, but I think it can be achieved and can be accomplished. This optimistic prediction is not unfounded. At the same time, we must focus our work on the emergence of larger risks and prepare countermeasures. In this way, even if a big risk occurs, the sky will not fall.
Deng Xiaoping "We must absorb international experience" (1988Year6month3日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume267page
China is deepening reforms to create better conditions for future development. We are not only focusing on this century, but also focusing on the next century. The problem we are facing now is that if we don’t advance, we will retreat. There is no way out if we retreat. Only by deepening reform and implementing comprehensive reform can we ensure that we will reach a moderately prosperous level within this century and make better progress in the next century.
Deng Xiaoping's "Maintaining Better Development of Production in Reform" (1988Year6month7日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume268page
Our reform has great risks, but it is very promising to succeed. Only with such confidence can we make appropriate decisions. I always encourage our comrades to be bolder. The key points are two. The first is to discuss things with the people, be firm in determination, and take steady steps. We must also sum up experience in a timely manner, correct inappropriate plans and steps, and prevent small mistakes from developing into big mistakes. The second point is to maintain good development of production during the reform process, and do not forcefully pursue a speed that is too high. Of course, it will not work if it is too low. The development speed in the past ten years has not been low. If we maintain a relatively good speed in the next few years, the risk of us deepening reforms will be much smaller.
Deng Xiaoping's "Maintaining Better Development of Production in Reform" (1988Year6month7日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume268page
China regards its development as a matter of contribution to mankind and a matter of ensuring world peace. We must make contributions to mankind mainly through our own efforts.
Deng Xiaoping met with Brazilian President José·Sarney’s conversation (1988Year7month5日), "Chronicle of Deng Xiaoping (1975"——1997)》(Part 2)1240page
Marx said that science and technology are productive forces, and facts have proved that this is right. In my opinion, science and technology are the primary productive forces.
Deng Xiaoping's "Science and Technology Are the Primary Productive Forces" (1988Year9month5日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume274page
Coastal areas must speed up their opening up to the outside world so that this vast area with a population of 200 million can develop quickly first, thus driving better development in the interior. This is an issue that concerns the overall situation. The mainland must take into account the overall situation. On the other hand, when development reaches a certain level, the coastal areas will be required to use more force to help the development of the inland areas. This is also an overall situation. At that time, the coastal areas will also have to obey this overall situation.
Deng Xiaoping's "The Central Committee Must Have Authority" (1988Year9month12日）,"Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume277-278page
When it comes to development, first of all, we must have a long-term strategic vision, and secondly, we must be cautious every step we take. It is necessary to be bold and adhere to the current principles and policies, but also to be steady and steady. Asking too quickly is often the source of big mistakes.
Deng Xiaoping met with Kenyan President Daniel·Arap·Moi’s conversation (1988Year10month5日), "Chronicle of Deng Xiaoping (1975"——1997)》(Part 2)1253page
China must develop its own high technology and occupy a place in the world's high-tech field. If China had not had atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, or launched satellites since the 1960s, China would not be a major country with important influence and would not have the international status it does now. These things reflect the capabilities of a nation and are also signs of the prosperity of a nation and a country.
Deng Xiaoping "China must occupy a place in the world's high-tech field" (1988Year10month24日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume279page
The overriding need for China’s problems is the need for stability. Without a stable environment, nothing can be accomplished, and the results achieved will be lost.
Deng Xiaoping's "The Overriding Thing Is Stability" (1989Year2month26日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume284page
“Green Revolution”We must persist for one hundred years, two hundred years. The same goes for China. For us, the most difficult thing to solve is not industry, but agriculture. The difficulty is that the population is large and the population and birth control work is not done well. By the end of this century, I am afraid that the population of 1.2 billion will be unstoppable, which will be a big obstacle to China's development.
Deng Xiaoping met with President of Togo and Chairman of the Union of Togolese People, Gnassingbé·General Eyadema’s conversation (1989Year4month8日), "Chronicle of Deng Xiaoping (1975"——1997)》(Part 2)1271page
We focus on reform and opening up with one hand, and punish corruption with the other. Combining and comparing these two things can make our policies clearer and more popular.
Deng Xiaoping's "Immediate Tasks of the Third Generation Leadership Collective" (1989Year6month16日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume314page
What we are pursuing is socialism with Chinese characteristics, socialism that continuously develops social productive forces, and socialism that advocates peace.
Deng Xiaoping's "No one can shake socialist China" (1989Year10month26日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume328page
The People's Republic of China was established after twenty-two years of war and grew up amid blockade, sanctions, and isolation. After forty years of development, especially in the last ten years, our strength has increased. China cannot be defeated, and it must develop further. This is the requirement of the nation, the people, and the times.
Deng Xiaoping's "Revitalizing the Chinese Nation" (1990Year4month7日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume357page
We must understand theoretically that the difference between capitalism and socialism is not about planning or the market. Socialism also has a market economy, and capitalism also has planned control. Capitalism has no control and is so free? Most Favored Nation treatment is also control! Don't think that building a market economy is the path of capitalism. It's not that way. Both planning and market are required. If you don't engage in the market and don't even know the information in the world, you are willing to fall behind.
Deng Xiaoping's "Be Good at Using Opportunities to Solve Development Problems" (1990Year12month24日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume364page
How the coast can help the inland is a big question. One coastal province can cover one or two inland provinces, and the burden should not be too heavy at once. Some technology transfers can be done at the beginning. We have talked about getting rich together from the beginning of the reform, and it will one day become a central issue in the future. Socialism is not about a few people getting rich and the majority being poor. It's not like that. The greatest advantage of socialism is common prosperity, which is something that embodies the essence of socialism. If polarization is pursued, the situation will be different. Ethnic, inter-regional, and class conflicts will develop. Correspondingly, contradictions between the central and local governments will also develop, and chaos may arise.
Deng Xiaoping's "Be Good at Using Opportunities to Solve Development Problems" (1990Year12month24日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume364page
Finance is very important and is the core of the modern economy. Once finance is done well, everything will be fine once you move the chess piece.
Deng Xiaoping's "Conversations During the Inspection of Shanghai" (1991Year1month28日—2month18日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume366page
Adherence to reform and opening up is the move that determines China’s destiny.
Deng Xiaoping's "Summary Experience and Use Talents" (1991Year8month20日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume368page
The world is undergoing a major turning point, which is an opportunity. People are saying“Asia Pacific Century”, where are we standing? In the past, we were inadequate compared to the superiors and more than adequate compared to the inferiors. Now, we also have problems compared to the inferiors. Some countries in Southeast Asia are very interested and may come ahead of us. We are also developing, but compared with them, we have a large population and the world market is occupied by other countries. We are facing such a pressure, which can be regarded as friendly pressure. If we don’t seize the opportunity to bring the economy to a higher level, others will jump much faster than us, and we will fall behind. I need to research it, I always feel that there is such a problem. What a rare opportunity!
Deng Xiaoping's "Summary Experience and Use Talents" (1991Year8month20日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume369page
Revolution is to liberate productive forces, and reform is also to liberate productive forces. Overthrowing the reactionary rule of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism and liberating the productive forces of the Chinese people is revolution, so revolution is about liberating the productive forces. After the basic socialist system is established, we must fundamentally change the economic system that restricts the development of productive forces, establish a socialist economic system full of vitality and vitality, and promote the development of productive forces. This is reform, so reform is also about liberating productive forces. In the past, we only talked about developing productive forces under socialist conditions, but did not talk about liberating productive forces through reform, which was incomplete. We should talk about both liberating productive forces and developing productive forces.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume370page
The key is to adhere to the line, principles and policies since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Party“One center, two basic points”. Failure to adhere to socialism, reform and opening up, economic development, and people's living standards will lead to a dead end. The basic line must be maintained for a hundred years and cannot be shaken.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume370-371page
We are unable to make progress in reform and opening up, and we dare not venture into it. All in all, we are afraid that there will be too many capitalist things and we will take the capitalist road. The key is the last name“capital”Still last name“社”'s question. The criteria for judgment should mainly be whether it is conducive to developing the productive forces of socialist society, whether it is conducive to enhancing the comprehensive national strength of the socialist country, and whether it is conducive to improving people's living standards.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume372page
More planning or more market is not the essential difference between socialism and capitalism. A planned economy is not equal to socialism, since capitalism also has a plan; a market economy is not equal to capitalism, and socialism also has a market. Planning and markets are both economic instruments.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume373page
The essence of socialism is to liberate productive forces, develop productive forces, eliminate exploitation, eliminate polarization, and ultimately achieve common prosperity.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume373page
If socialism wants to gain advantages over capitalism, it must boldly absorb and learn from all the civilizational achievements created by human society, as well as all advanced operating methods and management methods that reflect the laws of modern socialized production in countries around the world today, including capitalist developed countries.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume373page
Taking the socialist road means gradually realizing common prosperity. The concept of common prosperity is put forward like this: some areas will develop first if they have the conditions, and some areas will develop more slowly. The areas that develop first will drive the areas that develop later, and ultimately achieve common prosperity. If the rich get richer and the poor get poorer, polarization will occur, and the socialist system should and can avoid polarization. One solution is for the areas that got rich first to pay more profits and taxes to support the development of poor areas. Of course, it won’t work if it’s done too early. We can’t weaken the vitality of developed areas now, nor can we encourage eating“Big pot rice”. When will this issue be raised and resolved prominently, and on what basis will this issue be raised and resolved, we need to study. It is conceivable that when China reaches a moderately prosperous level by the end of this century, this issue will be raised and solved prominently. Until then, developed regions must continue to develop and vigorously support underdeveloped regions by paying more profits and taxes and technology transfer. Most underdeveloped areas are rich in resources and have great potential for development. In short, on a national scale, we will be able to gradually and smoothly solve the problem of the gap between the rich and the poor in the coastal areas and the inland areas.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume373-374page
To win the advantage of socialism compared with capitalism, it must boldly absorb and learn from all the civilizational achievements created by human society, and absorb and learn from all advanced management methods and management that reflect the laws of modern socialized production in countries around the world, including capitalist developed countriesMethod.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume373page
Taking the socialist road means gradually realizing common prosperity. The concept of common prosperity is put forward like this: some areas will develop first if they have the conditions, and some areas will develop more slowly. The areas that develop first will drive the areas that develop later, and ultimately achieve common prosperity. If the rich get richer and the poor get poorer, polarization will occur, and the socialist system should and can avoid polarization. One solution is for the areas that got rich first to pay more profits and taxes to support the development of poor areas. Of course, it won’t work if it’s done too early. We can’t weaken the vitality of developed areas now, nor can we encourage eating“Big pot rice”. When will this issue be raised and resolved prominently, and on what basis will this issue be raised and resolved, we need to study. It is conceivable that when China reaches a moderately prosperous level by the end of this century, this issue will be raised and solved prominently. Until then, developed regions must continue to develop and vigorously support underdeveloped regions by paying more profits and taxes and technology transfer. Most underdeveloped areas are rich in resources and have great potential for development. In short, on a national scale, we will be able to gradually and smoothly solve the problem of the gap between the rich and the poor in the coastal areas and the inland areas.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume373-374page
Seize the opportunity and develop yourself. The key is to develop the economy. Now, the economic development of some neighboring countries and regions is faster than ours. If we do not develop or develop too slowly, people will have problems in comparison. Therefore, if development is possible, don’t stop it. Where conditions permit, we should do it as quickly as possible. As long as we focus on efficiency, quality, and an export-oriented economy, there is nothing to worry about.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume375page
Development is the last word.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume377page
Judging from international experience, some countries have experienced a period of rapid development or several stages of rapid development in their development process. This is the case in Japan, South Korea, and some Southeast Asian countries and regions. Now that we have the domestic conditions and a favorable international environment, coupled with the socialist system's advantage of being able to concentrate efforts on major things, it is necessary and possible to have several stages of faster development and better benefits in the long process of modernization in the future. We must have this ambition!
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume377page
If the economy develops faster, it must rely on technology and education. I say that science and technology are the primary productive forces. How rapidly has the world's science and technology developed in the past one or two decades? A breakthrough in the high-tech field has spurred the development of a number of industries. In recent years, could we have grown so fast without science and technology? Science must be promoted, and only by relying on science can we have hope.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume377-378page
We must persist in pursuing reform and opening up with one hand, and cracking down on various criminal activities with the other. Both hands need to be hard. Fight all kinds of criminal activities and eliminate all kinds of ugly phenomena without mercy. Guangdong catches up with Asia in twenty years“Four Little Dragons”, not only the economy must improve, but the social order and social atmosphere must also be improved, and the construction of both civilizations must surpass them. This is socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume378page
We have only been practicing socialism for a few decades and are still in its primary stage. Consolidating and developing the socialist system will still take a long historical stage and require the unremitting efforts of several generations, a dozen generations, or even dozens of generations, and we must not take it lightly.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume379-380page
Seeking truth from facts is the essence of Marxism. We should promote this, not books. The success of our reform and opening up does not rely on books, but on practice and seeking truth from facts. Farmers have the right to invent household-based contracting in rural areas. Many things in rural reform were created by the grassroots, and we used them to process and improve them as guidance for the whole country. Practice is the only criterion for testing truth. I haven't read many books, just one book. I believe in what Chairman Mao said: seek truth from facts. In the past, we relied on this to fight wars, and now we rely on this to carry out construction and reform. We have talked about Marxism all our lives, but in fact Marxism is not mysterious. Marxism is a very simple thing and has very simple principles.
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume382page
We must continue to move forward on the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Capitalism has been developing for hundreds of years, but we have only been practicing socialism for how long! What's more, we ourselves were delayed for twenty years. It would be amazing if it took one hundred years from the founding of the People's Republic of my country to build our country into a moderately developed country! From now to the middle of the next century, it will be a very critical period, and we must work hard. The burden on our shoulders is heavy and the responsibility is great!
Deng Xiaoping's "Talk Points in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places" (1992Year1month18日—2month21日), "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" No.3Volume383page
After China has developed to a certain level, it must consider the issue of distribution. In other words, we must consider the gap between backward areas and developed areas. There will always be certain differences in different regions. This gap will not work if it is too small, and it will not work if it is too big. If only a few people are rich, it will fall into capitalism. It is necessary to study the issue of distribution and its significance. This issue should be considered by the end of this century.
Deng Xiaoping’s opinions after reading two articles in "Reference News" (1992Year12month18日), "Chronicle of Deng Xiaoping (1975"—1997)》(Part 2)1356-1357page
Now is the opportunity, this opportunity is rare! The Chinese have had many opportunities like this, but they have missed some, which is a pity! You have to catch it well. You must work hard, mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses, and concentrate on construction.
Deng Xiaoping’s conversation with responsible comrades of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Nanjing Military Region (1994Year2month19日), "Chronicle of Deng Xiaoping (1975"—1997)》(Part 2)1369page
