Theory Garden|Qu Qingshan: two“Historical Resolution”’s formulation background, main content and significance

(Source: "Party Building" magazine 2021 Issue 11 2021-11-08)

At the historic moment of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping issued a great call to the entire party to learn from history and create a future. This is also the fine tradition and valuable experience of our party in governing the party and the country. Our party has historically formulated the "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues" and the "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues of the Party since the Founding of the People's Republic of China". These two“Historical Resolution”The historical conditions, background of the times, and problems to be solved are different, but they all unified the thinking of the whole party at a major historical juncture, strengthened the unity of the whole party, played an important role in promoting the successful advancement of the cause of the party and the people, and provided an important guarantee. The Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China will review and adopt the "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party's Centenary Struggle". Learn and grasp these two“Historical Resolution”, is not only an intrinsic requirement to establish a correct view of party history and carry out in-depth study and education of party history, but also plays an important guiding role in our in-depth study and understanding of the "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party's Centenary Struggle", and is of great significance for carrying forward the past and opening up the future at a new historical starting point.

Two“Historical Resolution”Historical background of the formulation

The "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues" and the "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues of the Party since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" were both formed at important nodes in the development of the party's cause and were born in an atmosphere of unity and unity of the whole party. They both took a long time to extensively solicit opinions and repeatedly discussed and revised them, condensing the collective wisdom of the Party Central Committee and the whole party.

The "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues" is an important achievement of the Yan'an Rectification Movement. This Marxist ideological education movement began with the study and research of the party’s history, and gradually deepened by summarizing historical experience and lessons. During the rectification process, some serious disputes over important historical issues and excessive ideological struggles arose, which attracted Comrade Mao Zedong's great attention. He realized that if the party's historical issues could not be resolved, it would be impossible to achieve true unity and unity. To this end, he not only put forward clear opinions on these issues based on full discussions with comrades within the party, but also did a lot of patient and meticulous persuasion and education work in different occasions and scopes such as the Secretariat of the Central Committee, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and the Party w88 casino of the Central Committee, and personally found relevant comrades for in-depth heart-to-heart talks. He also requested that senior cadres be organized to study and study relevant documents on historical intra-party line struggles, and pointed out:“The nature of this kind of research is the in-depth and advanced stage of rectification. Its purpose is to raise cadres' awareness and enhance unity and unity, and to make ideological preparations for future discussions on the Seven Resolutions.”Through a period of concentrated and targeted study and discussion and in-depth criticism of the wrong line, the whole party, especially the party's senior cadres, have a relatively unified understanding of the party's history, especially the right and wrong of the line in the party's history. In this way, draft a“Historical Resolution”, the time will be ripe to completely resolve the party's historical issues.

1944Year57323_7395“Historical Resolution”7713_7747“Historical Resolution”Must persist“Be careful of past mistakes and avoid future ones, treat illnesses and save lives”’s goal, achieved“We must clarify our thoughts and unite our comrades”8728_8823“Historical Resolution”The manuscript was discussed many times and many revisions were made, most of which were adopted. As Comrade Mao Zedong said:“A historical resolution was made over and over again, and many pairs of eyes looked at it. The dozens of pairs of eyes of the Central Committee alone were not enough to look at it. After looking at it many times, many problems were not found. However, after everyone took a look and studied it, many problems were found.”“It wouldn’t be as complete as it could be without everyone’s opinions.”1945Year4

The "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues of the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" was formed during the historical turning point of emancipating the mind and bringing order out of chaos in the new era of reform and opening up. After the baptism of the ideological emancipation movement of the great discussion on the standard of truth, the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China achieved a great turning point of far-reaching significance in the history of the Party since the founding of New China. A stable, united, and lively political situation has emerged inside and outside the Party. However, there are also some misunderstandings about the new line, principles, and policies, and about the historical issues of the Party since the founding of New China. In particular, how to evaluate the merits and demerits of Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought has become an important political issue of great concern both inside and outside the Party and at home and abroad. Faced with this situation, the Party Central Committee believes that in order to smoothly promote reform and opening up and fully complete the restoration of chaos, we must correctly understand the path that the Party has taken since the founding of New China, comprehensively summarize the historical experience of this period, and draw conclusions on some major historical issues in order to distinguish right from wrong and unify our thinking. As Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out:“The past problems are over and we need to make a summary. We cannot do this without taking this step.”

1979Year1111172_11255“Historical Resolution”Three things to highlight“The meaning of center”: The first is to establish Comrade Mao Zedong’s historical status and uphold and develop Mao Zedong Thought, which is the most core one; the second is to seek truth from facts and analyze the major events in the history of the 30 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and fairly evaluate the merits and demerits; third, through this resolution, we make a basic summary of the past and guide everyone to unite and look forward. second“Historical Resolution”12324_123461981Year5In August, Comrade Deng Xiaoping once said with emotion:“This document has been drafted for more than a year, and I don’t know how many drafts it has gone through. In October 1980, 4,000 people discussed it and put forward many good and important opinions. On the basis of the discussion of 4,000 people and the recent discussion of more than 40 comrades, revisions have been made and repeated many times. More than twenty comrades drafted it, and they have worked hard to produce such a draft.”Same year613264_13340

Two“Historical Resolution”'s main content

Two“Historical Resolution”Although they are separated by nearly forty years, their distinctive character of learning from history and creating the future remains the same. two“Historical Resolution”Using the methods of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, we comprehensively and systematically summarized the party’s leadership and development“Left”The experience and lessons accumulated in the long-term struggle between the two erroneous tendencies of the Communist Party and the Right Party have profoundly analyzed the root causes of the errors, and made a pragmatic and scientific evaluation of major events and important figures in the history of the Party.

The "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues" is divided into seven parts, summarizing the party's history and its experiences and lessons since the founding of the party, especially the period from the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee to the Zunyi Conference, and drawing conclusions on a number of major historical issues. As Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: Resolution“Mainly talk about the history of our party‘Left’The mistake is to talk about the struggle in the history of the party between a line that is more suitable for the interests of the Chinese people and a line that is somewhat suitable but somewhat unsuitable for the interests of the Chinese people, and the struggle between proletarian thinking and petty bourgeois thinking.”Among them, the first part is clear first:“Since the birth of the Communist Party of China in 1921, the combination of the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism and the specific practice of the Chinese revolution has been the guideline for all its work. Comrade Mao Zedong’s theory and practice on the Chinese revolution are representative of this combination.”The second part briefly explains the history of the party during the Great Revolution and the Agrarian Revolutionary War. The third part discusses the1927People who came to the Zunyi Party in 16817_16828|“Left”Left or right error, especially the third time“Left”The ideological roots of the error in the leaning line were deeply analyzed, emphasizing:“After the Zunyi Conference, the political line adopted by the Party Central Committee under the leadership of Comrade Mao Zedong is completely correct.”The fourth and fifth parts discuss the party within a larger space“Left”The political, military, organizational, and ideological manifestations of the deviationist line's errors, as well as their development process, main content, social roots, and the serious harm they caused to the Chinese revolution. The sixth part emphasizes that measures should be taken to deal with historical issues within the party“Start from unity and achieve unity”'s principles. The seventh part speaks highly of Comrade Mao Zedong's outstanding contribution in using the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism to solve the problems of the Chinese revolution, and affirms the great significance of establishing Comrade Mao Zedong's leadership position in the entire party.

The "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues of the Party since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" is divided into eight parts. It reviews the history of the Party before the founding of New China, summarizes the historical experience of socialist revolution and construction after the founding of New China, and evaluates some major events and important figures, especially a correct evaluation of Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought. Among them, the first part briefly reviews the history of the 28 years before the founding of the People's Republic of China. Parts 2 to 5 make a systematic summary of the party’s history during the socialist revolution and construction period, pointing out this period of history“In general, it is the history of our party, under the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, leading people of all ethnic groups across the country to carry out socialist revolution and socialist construction and achieve great achievements”. Part 6 sets out the end“Cultural Revolution”A great turning point in the cause of the party and the country since. The seventh part realistically evaluates Comrade Mao Zedong's historical status, fully affirms the great significance of Mao Zedong Thought as the party's long-term guiding ideology, and particularly points out the need“Distinguish Mao Zedong Thought, which has become a scientific theory after long-term historical testing, from the mistakes Comrade Mao Zedong made in his later years”, and on Mao Zedong Thought“Various content”and“Living Soul”Make scientific generalizations. Section 8 points out that“Since the Third Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of my country, our party has gradually established a correct path for socialist modernization that suits our country’s conditions”, and to it“Main points”It is summarized from ten aspects. This essentially raises the question of what kind of socialism to build in China and how to build it.

Two“Historical Resolution”’s historical role and significance

The "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues of the Party since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" once addressed two“Historical Resolution”22662_22677“The "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues" unanimously adopted by the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1945 unified the understanding of the whole party, strengthened the unity of the whole party, and promoted the rapid progress and great victory of the people's revolutionary cause. The Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee believes that the "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues of the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" unanimously adopted by this plenary session will surely play the same historical role.”There are three key words in this paragraph:“Unification”“Unity”“Forward”, this is exactly what we know two“Historical Resolution”Three main dimensions of the role and significance of history.

First, two“Historical Resolution”Adhering to the guiding principle of seeking truth from facts not only profoundly summarizes the party's history, but also centralizes and unifies the entire party's thinking. It provides us with a Marxist worldview methodology for correctly treating the party's history and scientifically applying the party's history. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized:“We must adhere to the two resolutions of our party on historical issues and the relevant spirit of the Party Central Committee as the basis, accurately grasp the main theme and mainstream essence of the party's historical development, and correctly understand and scientifically evaluate major events, important meetings, and important figures in the history of the party.”This is a pair of two“Historical Resolution”The full expression of status and significance is also the full manifestation of the historical materialist stance, viewpoints and methods. Comrade Mao Zedong led the drafting of the first“Historical Resolution”Repeatedly emphasized,“Don’t be against everything”、“Don’t deny everything”，“This is seeking truth from facts”. He pointed out,“The standard of right and wrong”It is Marxism and the interests of the people,“Emphasize the social causes of errors rather than personal issues”. This is also the case when Comrade Deng Xiaoping led the drafting of the second“Historical Resolution”The basic principles emphasized when. He pointed out,“This resolution must hold up the great banner of Mao Zedong Thought and evaluate it realistically and appropriately‘Cultural Revolution’, evaluate the merits and demerits of Comrade Mao Zedong”. Precisely because they adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts based on Marxism and the interests of the people, the two“Historical Resolution”Only in this way can we become the one who unifies the ideological understanding of the whole party“Outline of the History of the Communist Party of China”and“A good medicine for diagnosing and treating ideological diseases”, talent“Make everyone have the same understanding and no longer have major differences”, in order to withstand the test of history, it is still the basic basis for us to establish a correct view of party history, study and study the party's history.

Secondly, two“Historical Resolution”persistence“Responsible to the whole party and the whole people”’s political direction not only starts from unity but also reaches a new unity, which we will resolutely achieve“Two maintenance”Set a shining example. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized:“Taking politics with a clear-cut stand and ensuring the unity and centralization of the party are the life of the party. They are also the key to our party becoming a century-old party and creating great achievements in the century.”Strengthening the unity of the whole party is two“Historical Resolution”Common starting point and ending point. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out:“This resolution is not only internal to the leadership, but also of a party-wide nature, related to the people of the country, and responsible to the whole party and the people.”Comrade Deng Xiaoping emphasized:“The evaluation of Comrade Mao Zedong and the elaboration of Mao Zedong Thought are not just personal issues related to Comrade Mao Zedong. They are inseparable from the entire history of our party and our country. To see the overall situation.”“This is not just a theoretical issue, but especially a political issue. It is a big political issue at home and abroad.”First“Historical Resolution”Point out,“The future task of the whole party is to strengthen unity on the basis of clarifying thoughts and adhering to principles”，“Uniting all the comrades in the party is like a harmonious family, like a solid piece of steel”. second“Historical Resolution”Point out:“The unity of the party and the unity of the party and the people is the fundamental guarantee for carrying out socialist modernization and winning new victories.”These precious thoughts, which are full of lofty political realm, broad political vision, and profound political wisdom, have played an extremely important role in strengthening the political, ideological, and organizational unity of the whole party, and have helped us learn from the history of the party. Gain wisdom, effectively improve political judgment, political understanding, and political execution, firmly safeguard the core status of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Party Central Committee and the core position of the entire Party, firmly safeguard the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, continuously consolidate and strengthen the unity of the entire Party, and set a shining example.

Third, two“Historical Resolution”persistence“Summary of the past is to guide everyone to unite and look forward”35426_35489“Today, we look back on history not to seek solace from success, nor to rest on our laurels and find excuses to avoid the difficulties and problems we face today, but to summarize historical experience, grasp historical laws, and enhance the courage and strength to forge ahead.”First“Historical Resolution”It was originally intended to be submitted to the Seventh National Congress of the Party for discussion. The reason why it was later changed to be submitted to the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Party was precisely what Comrade Mao Zedong said:“This is a policy issue and cannot be decided casually, because this can prevent the conference from focusing on historical issues.”And the second one“Historical Resolution”The submission to the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee before the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was based on the same consideration. Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out:“Summary of the past is to guide everyone to unite and look forward”，“Strive to pass this resolution at the Central Plenary Session before the 12th National Congress to have a unified understanding of past issues and bring closure. The 12th National Congress talked about new words and forward-looking words.”This kind“Look ahead”'s clear direction makes two“Historical Resolution”Respectively, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China established Mao Zedong Thought as the party’s guiding ideology and enabled the whole party to achieve the goal“Unprecedented unity”, proposed at the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China“Building socialism with Chinese characteristics”’s major propositions and“xiaokang”Strategic goals, creating a new situation in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization construction have made full preparations and laid an important foundation. It also provides important inspiration for us to use history to reflect reality, look into the future, start a new historical journey, and create new historical achievements.

Author: Qu Qingshan, Dean and Researcher of the Institute of Party History and Literature of the CPC Central Committee

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