(Source: "Guangming Daily" 2025-4-1)

[Building an independent knowledge system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences]

w88 casino News Network (jointly provided by the w88 casino of Government and the National Institute for Opening up)In the long-term practice of my country's opening up to the outside world, the Communist Party of China has adhered to the guidance of Marxism. While making great achievements in opening up, it has proposed and created the theory of "open economy", which has become an important part of China's independent knowledge system of economics and has its own distinctive characteristics. To build China's open economics, we should adhere to Marxist standpoints, viewpoints and methods, and form a systematic and complete theoretical system around core propositions such as research objects, development context, and world significance.

Research objects and main threads of China’s open economics

The practical starting point of China’s open economics dates from the initial exploration period of foreign w88 and utilization of foreign investment after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clarified the important policy of "revitalizing the economy internally and opening up to the outside world" and made reform and opening up, a key decision that determines the fate of contemporary China. China's transformation from a closed economy to an open economy has significantly accelerated. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's opening up has entered a new stage. The typical feature of this period is that high-level opening up and high-quality development go hand in hand. After the exploration of opening up in the early days of the founding of New China and the practical development of more than 40 years of reform and opening up, the conditions for forming an open economic theory with Chinese characteristics have been met.

The research object of China’s open economics is the issue of open model selection caused by the scarcity of open economic factors. The research scope not only focuses on productivity and production relations under an open economic system, but also focuses on the contradictory movements between the economic base and superstructure under an open economic system, as well as global economic governance issues. The research focus mainly involves four basic issues: first, to reveal the basic laws of China’s gradual opening up to the outside world; second, to summarize the experience of Chinese enterprises in cultivating and forming new advantages in international competition; third, to analyze the new concept of international economic balance contained in the joint construction of the “Belt and Road”; and fourth, to interpret the global economic governance system under the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind.

The main thread of China’s open economics revolves around two core issues.

The first reason is why it is open. Seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation is the original intention and mission of the Chinese Communists, and China's opening up has always served this historical mission. Open development is the only way to achieve national rejuvenation. Our party has made the historic decision of reform and opening up, and successfully achieved all-round opening up through major measures such as establishing special economic zones and joining the World w88 Organization. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, it has created the "Chinese Miracle" with an economic aggregate growth of nearly 400 times. Open cooperation is an important way to improve people's well-being. Our party has always put the interests of the people first, introduced advanced technology and management experience through expanded opening up, significantly improved the competitiveness of domestic industries, created a large number of jobs, and vividly interpreted the development concept of "opening for the people, opening up and relying on the people". Openness and inclusiveness are the initiative and responsibility of building a community with a shared future for mankind. In the face of major changes unseen in a century, China insists on promoting reform, development and innovation through opening up. Through the "Belt and Road" initiative, the China International Import Expo and other platforms, China provides Chinese solutions for global development, and uses practical actions to demonstrate the ambition of a major country to "make development results more and more equitably benefit people of all countries." From the establishment of pilot free w88 zones to the implementation of foreign investment laws, from aligning with international high-standard economic and w88 rules to building new types of international relations, China has always promoted reform through opening up and promoted the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities. This practical logic of "promoting reform, development and innovation through opening up" not only solves the deep-seated contradictions in development, but also contributes Chinese wisdom to global economic governance.

The second is how to open up. In the early days of reform and opening up, in order to solve the shortage of foreign exchange and capital, China's opening up mainly focused on attracting investment and processing w88. After joining the World w88 Organization, China significantly reduced tariff rates and accelerated the opening up of the manufacturing sector. The current opening up of the manufacturing sector has reached a high international level. In the field of w88, China has maintained its position as the largest country in goods w88 for many years and has established w88 relations with most countries and regions in the world. China's current total tariff level is only 7.3%, which is close to the level of developed countries. The weighted average tariff is only 4.4%, even lower than some developed countries, and has exceeded its commitments when joining the World w88 Organization. In the field of investment, the 2024 version of the national negative list of restrictions on foreign investment access has been reduced from 31 to 29, and restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector have been "cleared." The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to "steadily expand institutional opening up such as rules, regulations, management, and standards." At present, the focus of opening up is gradually shifting from the opening up of the flow of goods and factors to the comprehensive opening up of institutions.

The main features of China’s open economics

Chinese open economics is a science based on the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It has a distinctive problem orientation and practical characteristics in its emergence and development process.

China’s open economics is formed and improved in the process of “from practice to theory to practice”. Practical guidance and problem orientation are distinctive features of China’s open economics. There is no ready-made model for China's opening-up to refer to, and it is impossible to copy the existing practices of other countries. It can only "cross the river by feeling the stones" based on its own national conditions, constantly exploring and improving in practice, and then forming the regular understanding and basic theory of China's open economics, and then guiding the future opening-up process. The story of China's opening up is rich in content and unique. All stories basically revolve around "three pairs of relationships": first, the relationship between industry opening and regional opening, second, the relationship between opening up to domestic enterprises and opening up to foreign-invested enterprises, and third, the relationship between border opening and post-border opening up. From the establishment of special economic zones more than 40 years ago, to joining the World w88 Organization more than 20 years ago, to today's free w88 pilot zones and free w88 ports, industrial upgrading has been promoted around these three pairs of basic relationships. With the gradual deepening of opening up, the three pairs of relationships have gradually shown a trend of integration. These three pairs of basic relationships run through the specific practice of China's opening up to the outside world, and gradually promote the formation of open economic theoretical systems such as "progressive opening up", "two markets and two resources" and "domestic and international dual circulation". These theoretical systems in turn guide the practice of my country's opening up to the outside world.

China’s open economics is a theoretical system of opening up in the context of industrial structure upgrading. China's upgrade in the global value chain is "dynamically changing". In the early days of opening up to the outside world, we fully released the labor dividend, actively integrated into the world market, and completed original capital accumulation through investment promotion. In the process of continuous advancement of opening up to the outside world, the value chain has been climbed through technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading. It is precisely by continuously consolidating the economic foundation through capital accumulation and industrial upgrading, and improving system construction by benchmarking high-level economic and w88 rules, that ultimately forms a "spiral system" and "endogenous driving force" for continuous upgrading of the industrial structure.

The key task of China’s open economics is to analyze the initiative of “promising government” in the “effective market”. The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-style Modernization" reviewed and approved by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasizes "giving full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and giving better play to the role of the government." The innovative practice of the socialist market economic system with Chinese characteristics not only demonstrates the unique advantages of the socialist system in concentrating efforts to achieve great things, but also fully releases the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and creatively builds an institutional framework for the coordinated efforts of the government and the market. The great achievements China has made in opening up to the outside world are the result of the joint action of the "proactive government" and the "effective market." From the establishment of special economic zones, coastal open cities, export processing zones, and comprehensive bonded zones in the early days of reform and opening up, to the successful implementation of relevant policies and measures in today's free w88 pilot zones and free w88 pilot ports, they are all vivid manifestations of the effective role of the "proactive government" in building an open economic system.

The world significance of China’s open economics

Constructing China’s open economics can bring important enlightenment to developing countries in opening up to the outside world.

In terms of the choice of opening up to the outside world, generally speaking, there are two different paths for developing countries to open up to the outside world. One is the "dependence model", which means relying on developed countries. This model is prone to falling into "low-end lock-in"; the other is the "independent model", which is more conducive to upgrading the industrial structure.

In terms of the path of opening up to the outside world, the integration of developing countries into the global production network is generally divided into two stages: industrial undertaking and industrial upgrading. Many developing countries stay in the first stage for a long time and find it difficult to enter the second stage. China's opening up begins with contact with the world and integration into the world, and then makes full use of "two markets and two resources" to complement resources and factors, promote the upgrading of industrial structure and improve the international competitiveness of departments through technological progress and institutional innovation, and transform a country's potential advantages into actual national competitive advantages. This has important implications for the opening up of late-developing countries.

In terms of model selection for opening up to the outside world, China’s opening up to the outside world has always been carried out gradually in terms of time, space and objects. In terms of the opening sequence, from the opening of the manufacturing industry to the opening of the service industry, from the geographical scope of "opening eastward" to the "all-round opening", from the opening of the border to the opening behind the border, they all reflect the distinctive characteristics of gradual development. China's practice of opening up has also proved that progressive opening up is crucial for developing countries to maintain long-term and stable development.

In terms of synergy between opening up and domestic development, internal factors determine external factors, and external factors work through internal factors. The success of China's opening-up depends on both the opening of the Chinese market and our own hard work. Both are indispensable. This experience also shows that while adopting open w88 policies, developing countries must fully stimulate the initiative of domestic factors.

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