(Source: Propaganda Network 2026-01-15)
Editor's note: From the "14th Five-Year Plan" to the "15th Five-Year Plan" recommendations, adhering to the direction of common prosperity is a consistent guiding principle for economic and social development. It is a response to the people's growing needs for a better life and people's livelihood. The purpose is to allow all people to share the fruits of economic, political, cultural, social, ecological and other development. The core of promoting common prosperity in the process of Chinese-style modernization lies in solving the structural dilemma between market efficiency, government fairness and social responsibility, so as to build a governance system in which the three collaborate under the leadership of the political party. Based on the practical logic of the socialist distribution system with Chinese characteristics, this article systematically explains how the Communist Party of China integrates the market, the government and the diverse subjects of society at the three levels of institutional foundation, organizational advantages and value leadership, thereby shaping "an effective market, a promising government, and a caring society." This governance model embodies the Chinese wisdom of promoting common prosperity.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the "Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the Fifteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" highlighted in the guiding ideology that all people should take solid steps towards common prosperity, which is an overall requirement to guide economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. How to achieve "common prosperity for all people" and further promote Chinese-style modernization has become a major and urgent task before the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people.
The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Supporting the High-quality Development of Zhejiang and the Construction of a Common Prosperity Demonstration Zone" states: "Common prosperity has distinctive characteristics of the times and Chinese characteristics. It is the universal achievement of prosperity and prosperity by all people through hard work and mutual help, spiritual self-confidence and self-reliance, a livable and workable environment, social harmony and harmony, universal public services and universal benefits, realizing the all-round development of people and all-round social progress, and sharing the fruits of reform and development and a happy and beautiful life. "The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics and is also a long-term historical process. We insist on realizing the people's yearning for a better life as the starting point and goal of modernization, strive to maintain and promote social fairness and justice, strive to promote the common prosperity of all people, and resolutely prevent polarization. ”
The Communist Party of China has gone through different historical stages in its journey of promoting common prosperity and Chinese-style modernization. In the period of the new democratic revolution, we overthrew oppression and won national independence through revolutionary struggle; in the period of socialist revolution and construction, we focused on improving people's livelihood with the help of policies and institutional arrangements; in the new period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, we are committed to improving the overall development efficiency of society and steadily moving towards modernization; entering the new era, through targeted poverty alleviation, rural revitalization and the construction of common prosperity demonstration areas, we will promote common prosperity with high-quality development.
Since the reform and opening up, my country's economy has continued to develop rapidly and has become the world's second largest economy. It has created 400 million middle-income groups, solved the poverty problem of 800 million people, made great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention, and made significant contributions to global poverty reduction. Under the new historical conditions, the distribution system plays an important role as an important means of regulating income distribution and promoting common prosperity. The initial distribution is market-led and focuses on efficiency, but in reality it often faces problems such as imperfect factor markets, monopoly factors, and unbalanced distribution structures; redistribution focuses on fairness and strengthens government regulatory functions, but the adjustment intensity is restricted by top-level design, financial capabilities, and execution efficiency; the third distribution relies on ethics and social responsibility and encourages social participation such as charity and public welfare, but still faces difficulties such as small charity scale, insufficient incentive mechanisms, and imperfect laws. Therefore, how to realize the organic connection and systematic integration of the three distributions through the leadership of political parties has become a key governance issue to solidly promote common prosperity.
In fact, in the practice of national governance in my country, the Communist Party of China has the ability to build and implement institutions at all levels of national governance. It has functions such as political leadership, organizational mobilization, and social integration. It can effectively coordinate the interests of all parties and solve the coordination dilemma in the three distributions.
The tension and coordination dilemma of first and third distribution
Since the reform and opening up, my country's distribution system has experienced a transformation from mainly relying on government planning and regulation to the coordinated efforts of market primary distribution, government redistribution and society's third distribution. This process aims to build a distribution system with complementary functions and clear layers. However, due to the diversity and complexity of objective reality, there are still structural constraints such as poor connection and insufficient coordination between the three distributions. These practical dilemmas show that to build a distribution system that is compatible with Chinese-style modernization, we cannot simply copy the Western distribution model, but must pay attention to the function of the party and be rooted in the Chinese institutional environment and practical logic. Through the Party's centralized and unified leadership of the three distributions, its inherent flaws will be broken, policy orientations and institutional arrangements at different distribution levels will be effectively coordinated, and institutional integration and efficiency transformation will be strengthened, thereby effectively transforming the advantages of the basic socialist economic system into governance effectiveness that promotes common prosperity, realizing fairness and justice, and promoting the modernization of governance capabilities and governance effectiveness.
(1) Market drive and distribution imbalance: the inherent tension between efficiency and fairness in the process of common prosperity
Primary distribution is the foundation. The market should play a decisive role in resource allocation, follow the principle of fair competition, and form a factor allocation mechanism that enables hard work, innovation, and fair opportunities to get rich. The core of the policy for primary distribution is to build a market environment for fair competition and improve the mechanism for factors to participate in distribution according to their contribution, so as to fundamentally correct market distortions and imperfections. However, under the conditions of a market economy, market regulation has its own limitations. Primary distribution is determined entirely by market regulation and entirely based on factor contribution, which can easily lead to an imbalance in the distribution of income between capital and labor, and is not in line with the inherent requirements of socialist common prosperity.
In practice, this limitation is highlighted by the low proportion of labor compensation in primary distribution and the weak growth. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, between 2013 and 2022, the overall wage growth rate of employees in urban private units across the country has continued to slow down. The growth rate has fluctuated downwards from a high of 13.8% in 2013, especially to a significant drop to a historical low of 3.7% in 2022. These data show that it is difficult to automatically achieve a reasonable balance between labor and capital income by relying solely on the initial distribution of market mechanisms, and may even exacerbate the relatively weak position of workers in distribution during the process of economic growth. This has become a core structural contradiction that must be resolved in the process of achieving the goal of common prosperity.
(2) Fair adjustment and precise governance: the effectiveness and limits of government redistribution under the goal of common prosperity
From the perspective of redistribution, the core concern of the policy has changed from "prioritizing efficiency and encouraging the first to get rich" to "paying attention to fairness while taking into account efficiency, and promoting the entire society towards common prosperity through the orderly leadership of the first rich groups", aiming to achieve the organic unity of economic benefits and social benefits, so that the broad masses of the people can share the fruits of development.
In practice, although the government can further strengthen its redistribution effect by relying on finance, taxation, social security, and transfer payments, in order to maintain stable expectations for the economic development environment, the rules for income redistribution are stable for a certain period of time. The deeper crux lies in the structural imbalance of social security resources derived from uneven development between regions - social security funds in backward areas are below average, and there are loopholes in basic security. The superimposed anomie in the income distribution order itself has jointly given rise to a "heterogeneous" distribution pattern.
In terms of tax system, from 2013 to 2023, the amount of tax revenue in my country increased from 11,053.1 billion yuan to 18,113.6 billion yuan; the proportion of tax revenue of my country's indirect tax entities in tax revenue dropped from 49.1% to 47.2%, and the proportion of tax revenue of direct tax entities increased from 26.2% to 30.8%. In terms of social security, from 2019 to 2023, my country's social insurance fund income increased from 8355.04 billion yuan to 11321.49 billion yuan, with a compound annual growth rate of 6.27%; social insurance fund expenditures increased from 7534.66 billion yuan to 9930.18 billion yuan, with a compound annual growth rate of 5.68%. In terms of government transfer payments, the positioning of transfer payments of common fiscal power is not clear enough. Some projects are nominally general transfer payments, but are actually of a "special" nature, resulting in less room for local fiscal coordination. Some transfer payment funds are slowly disbursed, idle, or even misappropriated, which affects the efficiency of the use of funds and increases the burden on local finances.
(3) Moral drive and sustainability: the potential and limitations of the third distribution in promoting common prosperity
The third distribution is a distribution method that relies on morality and is mainly carried out by non-mandatory means such as personal income transfer, voluntary payment, and donation. In essence, it is based on love, responsibility and shared values, and carries out flexible and humanistic wealth flow. As the saying goes, "Human society is a community with a shared future. Only when everyone contributes their share of love can the world be better."
In practice, our country is in the initial stage of development and the scale of donations is small. In 2019, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed for the first time at the central level to “pay attention to the role of the third distribution and develop charity and other social welfare undertakings.” In 2020, the scale of charitable donations exceeded 200 billion yuan, accounting for 0.19% of GDP, which is far lower than the 2.3% in the United States. Data released by the Ministry of Civil Affairs shows that as of the end of 2021, the number of social organizations was 902,000, of which only more than 10,000 were charitable organizations recognized by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, accounting for slightly more than 1% of the number of social organizations; there were 30 Internet fundraising information platforms for charitable organizations designated by the Ministry of Civil Affairs. There is much potential to increase public participation and promote the formation of a positive, rational, and sustainable culture of public welfare donations. However, the current third distribution mechanism has limited functions in realizing common prosperity. The dual weakness of social foundation and organizational carriers, the lack of public awareness of donation and the insufficient number of charitable organizations have directly restricted the performance of the core function of optimal allocation of social resources and exposed the structural flaws of the mechanism itself.
2. Institutional advantages and collaborative mechanism construction led by political parties
In the practice of contemporary Chinese governance, effective coordination among the three distributions of market, government and society does not occur naturally. It is necessary to rely on the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China to establish a coordination system that runs through the three distributions. The Communist Party of China is the core leadership of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the backbone of promoting common prosperity. Only by adhering to the leadership of the Communist Party of China can we coordinate all stakeholders and achieve organic linkage, thereby fully releasing and enhancing the role space and operational efficiency of the three distributions. The key to promoting common prosperity in the process of Chinese-style modernization is to build a collaborative mechanism among the three major subsystems of market, government and society in the field of distribution.
(1) Institutional foundation: top-level design, political potential and policy coordination
In China's governance system, the Communist Party of China has established its unique status as a "meta-governor" by constructing a set of institutional arrangements for the administrative structure, that is, the subject of "governance of governance". Its function is to set basic rules for pluralistic co-governance, coordinate conflicts, and ensure that the direction of governance is consistent with national strategy. The political party’s institutional advantages are first reflected in its top-level political design, which breaks the distinction between traditional bureaucracy and the market and society, builds an integrated political and administrative coordination framework for the three distributions, sets rules and provides political guarantees for the interaction between the government and the market.
The Communist Party of China has established common prosperity as the strategic goal and political task of national development through the National Congress, the Central Plenary Session and the programmatic documents issued by it. This process has elevated distribution issues from the level of economic and social policies to political issues related to the nature of socialism and the foundation of governance. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism and an important feature of Chinese modernization.” This provides value legitimacy and political legitimacy for distribution policies. The leadership of the Communist Party of China provides a stable and authoritative long-term direction for market behavior, government policies and social efforts, avoiding short-term behavior caused by policy swings or interest games. Not only that, the Chinese Communist Party has a political integration function and is committed to overcoming departmental and localism. In the redistribution process, policy tools such as finance and taxation, social security, and transfer payments belong to different ministries and commissions, creating a coordination dilemma. Institutions such as the Central Financial and Economic Commission and the Central Comprehensive Deepening Reform Commission established by the Party Central Committee play the role of "political integration center" that transcends administrative bureaucracies. Relying on their political authority, these institutions can effectively integrate the powers scattered among the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and other departments, and combine and calibrate various redistribution tools to ensure that they work in the same direction. For example, when formulating an overall plan for reforming income distribution, such institutions can coordinate tax regulation, social safety net construction, and coordinated regional development policies so that they reinforce each other rather than offset each other. This is essentially applying the principle of democratic centralism to complex policy processes and solving the fragmentation dilemma of modern bureaucracy through centralized and unified leadership. The party ensures the implementation of strategies through its decision-making execution system and political responsibility transmission. Through the centralized management system, government department party groups (party committees) and the inclusion of key indicators of common prosperity into the assessment system for local party and government leading cadres, and the establishment of a supporting supervision and accountability mechanism, a strong execution guarantee system has been built. This system design directly addresses the problem of "execution decay" in traditional governance, prompting local governments to take active actions in promoting coordinated regional development and improving the social security system. It effectively curbs the phenomenon of "government inaction" or "selective execution" and provides a solid institutional guarantee for the construction of a "promising government". The party has built a rigid and powerful political responsibility transmission chain, making promoting the coordination of three distributions not only an administrative responsibility, but also a political commitment that must be fulfilled. This injection of political potential energy has greatly strengthened the penetration of policy implementation, effectively curbed the implementation-level deviation of "policies from above and countermeasures from below", ensuring that redistribution and third distribution policies can penetrate the administrative level and effectively benefit the people at the grassroots level.
The profound significance of this institutional system is that the party, as a "meta-governor", has successfully transcended the functional boundaries of a single subject, not only solving the problem of fragmentation in modern governance, but also ensuring that the process of common prosperity is always advancing steadily along the direction of socialism, so that development results can benefit all people more and more equitably, and continuously enhance the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security. It can be seen that upholding and strengthening the party's leading governance is the fundamental political guarantee for promoting common prosperity and achieving benefit sharing in China. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Build basic institutional arrangements for the coordination and support of primary distribution, redistribution, and tertiary distribution, increase the intensity and accuracy of taxation, social security, transfer payments, etc., expand the proportion of middle-income groups, increase the income of low-income groups, reasonably adjust high incomes, ban illegal income, and form an olive-shaped distribution structure with a large middle and small ends, promote social fairness and justice, promote people's all-round development, and enable all people to make solid progress towards the goal of common prosperity."
(2) Organizational advantages: network coverage, interest coordination and social mobilization
The Communist Party of China’s organizational advantages in achieving common prosperity are embodied in the systematic penetration of the government system and social fields by the “vertical to the bottom and horizontal to the edge” organizational network it has constructed. The party can directly perceive social dynamics, coordinate internal contradictions, and mobilize resources from all parties, thus playing an indispensable role in the three distributions. Within the government system, the party group work system ensures that administrative decision-making resonates with the party's will, enabling redistribution policies to overcome departmental barriers and be implemented accurately. More innovative is the "three new" party-building mechanism - establishing party organizations in new economic organizations, new social organizations and new employment groups, extending the party's organizational network to the most active areas of the market economy and the most basic units of social governance. In enterprises, party organizations can promote the establishment of a collective wage negotiation system to balance the income distribution of capital and labor; in new employment groups, mobile party members’ party branches can collect and reflect the common demands of workers, and promote the optimization of platform algorithms and the improvement of job security. "Organizational presence" corrects the situation of "strong capital and weak labor" to a certain extent, and provides an organizational channel for injecting elements of fairness based on market laws. It is not only a channel for the top-down transmission of political potential energy, but also a channel for the bottom-up gathering of social conditions and public opinion, allowing the labor rights demands of new employment groups and the policy needs of private enterprises to be fed back to the decision-making system in a timely manner, allowing the party to hear the voices of the groups, and enabling the party organization to have both policy rigidity and practical flexibility when coordinating the three allocations, maintaining strategic determination and dynamic adjustment capabilities. This two-way interaction ensures that governance policies are not divorced from reality and can respond to the most real social needs.
The party organization has systematically solved the structural problems in the three distributions through its cross-domain integration advantages. In the field of primary distribution, enterprise party organizations guide the reform of the salary system and promote the protection of employees' rights and interests through "party building + private economy" and other models, making up for the shortcomings of simple market regulation. Specifically, the "Red Engine" project combines production efficiency improvement with income distribution reform through the implementation of "party member demonstration posts" and "technical attack teams" in enterprises, embodying the coordination logic of the political party and the market of "guidance rather than substitution". Policy tools such as the "Co-Prosperity Workshop" and "Rural Revitalization Fund" provide institutional incentives to encourage companies to pursue efficiency while taking into account social benefits, and promote the formation of an "effective market." In the field of redistribution, the party’s organizational system ensures the consistency and penetration of regulatory policies such as taxation and social security in the vertical implementation, and overcomes the “last mile” problem that may arise in the implementation of policies at the grassroots level. In the third distribution field, the party organization integrates the resources of state-owned enterprises, private capital and social organizations through the party-building and joint-building mechanism to build a public welfare and charity network in which the government and the private sector collaborate. Innovative models such as "Red Charity" and "Party Building + Public Welfare" incorporate social organizations into the party's mass work system, which not only maintains the vitality of social organizations, but also ensures that their development direction is consistent with the goal of common prosperity, effectively overcoming the fragmentation and short-term limitations of traditional charity activities.
The deep value of this organizational advantage lies in transforming logical conflicts in different distribution fields into a dynamic balance in practice through the political integration function of the organizational network. When there is tension between the principle of market efficiency and the goal of social equity, the party organization can serve as a value coordinator; when administrative regulation encounters implementation resistance, the party organization can provide political guarantee. It is through this dual penetration of the government and society that the party organization has built a "third channel" to promote common prosperity, enabling the reform of the distribution system to maintain a socialist direction while also having practical effectiveness to adapt to social complexity, demonstrating the unique organizational advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.
(3) Value guidance: ideological shaping, consensus building and conflict arbitration
In the process of promoting common prosperity, the party's value leadership role is crucial. It provides the final arbitration framework for inevitable conflicts of interests and values by shaping mainstream ideology, gathering social consensus, and thereby laying an ideological and moral foundation for the coordination of the three distributions.
The party shapes social consensus on common prosperity through continuous ideological innovation and publicity and education. On its practical path, it continuously promotes the modernization of Marxism in China and puts forward "people-centered development thinking" and "new development concepts", etc., which provides profound theoretical support and value guidance for common prosperity. Through a powerful publicity and education system, including the party w88 casino system, news media, national education, etc., these concepts have been widely disseminated and internalized, and gradually formed mainstream social values. This makes the pursuit of common prosperity not only a policy goal, but also a social expectation and moral judgment standard, providing legal channels and a public opinion environment for the government to implement redistribution policies, enterprises to assume social responsibilities, and individuals to participate in public welfare and charity. A fairer society can stimulate broader domestic demand potential and cultivate stronger human capital, thereby providing a solid social foundation for improving efficiency. This value reconstruction provides a fundamental basis for coordinating the priorities of different distribution areas.
The market economy naturally pursues efficiency. The pursuit of fairness led by the government may inhibit economic vitality, and the ethics of responsibility in the social field cannot spontaneously form an institutional force. Faced with these three paradoxes, the value leadership of the Communist Party of China has demonstrated unique political wisdom and governance innovation, providing a Chinese solution to this global problem. The Party Central Committee proposed "promoting common prosperity in high-quality development" and "correctly handling the relationship between efficiency and fairness", and issued a series of major decisions such as anti-monopoly, regulating the disorderly development of capital, and strengthening the protection of workers' rights and interests in new employment forms. This is essentially the use of political authority to "politically define" the development focus and distribution principles of a specific historical stage, and dynamically adjust the boundaries between market freedom and social protection, capital vitality and people's livelihood and well-being. This arbitration ability is the key for "meta-governors" to ensure that the governance system does not reach a deadlock or lose control. Moreover, the party transforms ideas into practical governance effectiveness through an institutionalized value embedding mechanism, aiming to sublimate moral appeals into specific institutional arrangements, and transform value requirements into assessable policy indicators through the ideological work responsibility system. In specific governance, this mechanism ensures that decision-makers at all levels must conduct value calibration when formulating regional development policies, designing tax systems, and planning social security, and use "whether it is conducive to promoting common prosperity" as an important basis for decision-making, thereby transforming abstract concepts into specific governance tools and policy outputs.
What is particularly important is that the party has reconstructed the social legitimacy basis of wealth through value leadership, providing continuous impetus for activating the third distribution. Under this framework, the party transformed the moral proposition of “getting rich first to drive wealth later” into an operational symbolic incentive system. This system works through two paths: On the one hand, it symbolically associates wealth possession with social responsibility, transforming altruistic actions such as charity and social donations into forms of capital that can gain political recognition and social prestige. Although this kind of symbolic capital is not a direct economic benefit, it can gain higher recognition and influence in the political and social fields, thus becoming a new type of social resource that can be accumulated. On the other hand, it has built a flexible regulatory mechanism to guide the flow of resources through the differential configuration of the honor system, such as the selection of "outstanding builders of socialism with Chinese characteristics".
This structure cleverly guides private sector decision-makers to take non-economic factors such as social reputation and political prospects into consideration when calculating their own interests, and then spontaneously invest resources in social goal areas such as education, medical care, and rural revitalization desired by the party. This "activation rather than control" logic of coordination between the party and society, through the revision and improvement of the "Charity Law of the People's Republic of China", economic levers such as tax exemptions, and organizational carriers such as "party building + public welfare", together constitute the support system for the third distribution. It transforms charitable behavior from scattered individual acts of kindness into a sustainable social movement. It not only delivers resources, but also cultivates a social atmosphere of "co-construction and sharing" and promotes the formation of a "caring society".
(4) The relationship between institutional foundation, organizational advantages and value leadership
Through the comprehensive role of the above-mentioned systems, organizations, and values, the party has specifically constructed a trinity of collaborative mechanisms from guidance to integration to activation, which respectively bridge the structural tension between market efficiency and social equity, government divisions and social demands, and personal wealth and social responsibility. In the coordination mechanism between political parties and the market, the party respects the laws of the market while making up for its shortcomings through the principle of "guiding rather than replacing"; in the coordination mechanism between political parties and the government, the party improves the systematicness and execution of redistribution policies through "integration rather than superposition"; in the coordination mechanism between political parties and society, the party cultivates social responsibility and expands the resource pool and influence of the third distribution through the logic of "activation rather than control". These three mechanisms are not separated from each other, but form an organic whole through the political leadership of political parties. Ultimately, this governance model with unique Chinese characteristics systematically gave birth to a symbiotic pattern of "effective market, promising government, and caring society." An efficient market ensures the continuous creation of wealth, the government protects fairness in the distribution process and bottom line fairness, and a loving society is filled with moral warmth of mutual assistance and sharing. These three complement each other and together form a solid pillar for promoting common prosperity. China's practice shows that achieving common prosperity not only requires wealth growth and technological innovation, but also requires governance wisdom and institutional capabilities that can control complex social systems and coordinate different governance logics. This collaborative governance model based on the leadership of political parties not only reflects the superiority of the socialist system, but also provides important theoretical inspiration and practical reference for the governance of inequality on a global scale. As the core goal of Chinese-style modernization, the realization process of common prosperity is essentially a profound change in national governance.
In summary, China’s road to common prosperity is not a natural balance or simple superposition of the three forces of market, government, and society. It is a conscious historical process of systematically integrating and reshaping the three distributions under the strategic guidance of the Party through a set of highly coordinated and mutually reinforcing systems, organizations, and value systems. This process profoundly reflects the superiority of the socialist system and the Chinese wisdom of modernizing national governance.
The core of this governance logic lies in the strategic shaping and use of the role and functions of the “state” by political parties. The Communist Party of China does not replace the government in direct resource allocation, but through top-level design and political integration, it sets common prosperity as a strategic goal of national development and reshapes the government's redistribution function. The fiscal, taxation, social security, transfer payment and other tools used by the government are systematically combined and calibrated under the political leadership of the party, and jointly serve the long-term strategy of narrowing the gap and promoting sharing.
The key to this governance logic is that the political party organically reconciles market laws and social principles to establish a "guided collaboration." In the field of primary distribution, it guides the market to consider fairness when pursuing efficiency; in the field of third distribution, it activates society to form a trend of mutual assistance on a voluntary basis. The autonomy of society is respected, but its development is guided on a track that is consistent with the overall interests of the country. This reflects the specific combination of "effective market" and "promising government" under the leadership of the political party, that is, on the basis of respecting economic laws, consciously using the power of the superstructure to adjust production relations so that they are more conducive to the realization of the purpose of socialist production - to meet the people's growing needs for a better life.
This governance logic demonstrates a significant advantage of the political development of socialism with Chinese characteristics: through the strong organizational and ideological capabilities of the political party, "development" and "governance" are simultaneously promoted. Common prosperity is not only an economic goal, but also a process of gathering social consensus, strengthening political identity, and optimizing national governance.
Therefore, China’s practice shows that a country with a strong core of political leadership and the ability to creatively transform its political logic into economic and social practice may have unique institutional flexibility and action capabilities when dealing with the global challenge of inequality.
Author | Cao Yongdong, Professor, w88 casino of Marxism, w88 casino
Wang Zifei, Master’s student, w88 casino of Marxism, w88 casino
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