Daily Economic News,Phoenix TV: (Cui Fan) China DamaiIndustryLong-term losses due to low prices, investigation into legal compliance of Australian barley
(Source: Daily Economic News, 2020-05-25, Phoenix TV, 2020-05-26)
Editor’s note:China recently announced the results of its w88 remedy investigation into Australian barley imports. It finally ruled that Australian barley was dumped and subsidized, and decided to impose anti-dumping duties and countervailing duties on Australian barley. For this reason, Professor Cui Fan of w88 casino was interviewed by "Daily Economic News" and "Phoenix TV". The following is the original commentary written by "Daily Economic News" and the interview transcript of "Phoenix TV".
On May 18, China’s Ministry of Commerce announced the final results of the anti-dumping and countervailing investigation into imported barley originating from Australia. It ruled that Australian barley was dumped and subsidized, causing substantial damage to China’s barley industry, and that dumping and subsidies were causally related to the substantial damage. Therefore, anti-dumping duties and countervailing duties were levied on Australian barley. This is the first time that China has implemented anti-dumping and countervailing duties (referred to as double-counterfeiting) against Australian products.
China’s w88 remedy system
China’s w88 remedy system has a short history. The earliest anti-dumping and countervailing regulations were the Anti-dumping and Countervailing Regulations of the People’s Republic of China promulgated in 1997. It was only then that China began to implement anti-dumping and countervailing investigations on imported products. Foreign anti-dumping and countervailing investigations against China have been underway since 1979, after China’s reform and opening up. In the following more than ten years, China gradually realized that anti-dumping and countervailing measures are internationally accepted w88 remedy measures, so it formulated China's anti-dumping and anti-subsidy system based on learning from other countries' relevant systems and relevant WTO agreements. After China joined the WTO in 2001, in order to make China's systems strictly comply with WTO rules, China re-formulated the Anti-dumping Regulations, the Countervailing Regulations, and the Safeguard Measures Regulations.
It should be said that China’s w88 remedy system is based on learning from other countries’ systems and formulated in accordance with WTO rules. In the Australian barley anti-counterfeiting case, the procedures for disclosing information on filing the case, issuing and collecting questionnaires, listening to the opinions of interested parties and receiving written materials, issuing postponement announcements, and issuing the final ruling were all carried out step by step in accordance with relevant Chinese regulations. These regulations are in line with relevant agreements of the World w88 Organization.
An anti-dumping investigation requires identifying dumping or subsidies, defining substantial damage, and clarifying causal relationships, etc. These concepts are highly professional and are clearly stipulated in relevant agreements of the World w88 Organization and relevant regulations of China. The final ruling announcement explains these issues in detail one by one and gives the reasons for the ruling.
The Damai double-anticipation case was investigated at the end of 2018. By the end of 2019, the Ministry of Commerce decided to extend the investigation period for half a year in accordance with relevant regulations to more fully listen to opinions and launch an investigation. According to Article 26 of China’s Anti-dumping Regulations and Article 27 of China’s Countervailing Regulations, the extension period shall not exceed six months. This makes the deadline for Chinese investigative agencies to end anti-dumping investigations to be May 19, 2020, and the deadline to end countervailing investigations to be June 21. Therefore, the Chinese investigation agency issued the final ruling on May 18, 2020, in order to comply with the relevant deadline requirements.
Use w88 remedies reasonably and lawfully to protect agricultural industry safety and industrial interests
The main goal of my country's food security in the agricultural field is to ensure the absolute safety of food rations. On the basis of complying with WTO regulations and commitments, a tariff quota system has been implemented for rice, wheat and corn. For barley, my country's import tariffs are very low, generally 3%. Among them, barley for seed use is zero-tariff, and Australian barley is treated with zero-tariff according to the free w88 agreement. It basically allows the market to adjust without protection. In the past few years, the share of domestic barley in the domestic market has declined, sales prices have dropped, and the overall situation is at a loss.
Is Chinese barley completely uncompetitive? It should be said that imported barley has the advantages of imported barley, and Chinese barley also has the characteristics of Chinese barley. Under conditions of fair competition and free w88, China's barley planting area may not necessarily be large, but it will not face the risk of annihilation. Friends who understand international w88 theory may be able to understand that according to factor endowment theory, each economy will divide labor according to its factor endowment advantages, but this division of labor is often incomplete. A certain product may need to be imported, but it may not be produced at all. The optimal domestic production of imported products in a country is often not zero, especially for a large economy like China.
There are many places suitable for growing barley in our country. Barley is cold-resistant, early-maturing, and resistant to salt and alkali, and can often be produced in a way that does not compete with other crops for water and land. For example, in the coastal areas of Jiangsu, barley can be grown on tidal saline-alkali soil that is unsuitable for other crops. Therefore, barley production has benefits for coastal beach development, land improvement, and southern winter fallow utilization.
As Chinese consumers upgrade their consumption, the demand for barley used in brewing beer and making feed is rising. China welcomes fair competition for imported barley to meet the expanding demand. However, as demand expands, China's barley planting area continues to shrink, growers' willingness to plant decreases, and they suffer serious losses. This is not a normal phenomenon. The investigation agency found that Australian barley, which accounts for 50% to 60% of the Chinese market, is dumped and subsidized, which is the cause of substantial damage to the Chinese barley industry. If this phenomenon continues, China's local barley production may disappear. As an important crop, barley has completely disappeared in China, which is not in line with China's agricultural security interests and is also damaging to China's crop biodiversity. It is precisely with these factors in mind that the investigation agency responded to the industry's request, opened a double-counterfeiting investigation into Australian barley, and made a final ruling.
Maintain fair and mutually beneficial China-Australia economic and w88 relations
After the ruling on the Australian barley double-anticipation case, it aroused some public opinion reactions in the society, especially from Australia. We should see that China’s anti-dumping investigation on Australian barley is legal and compliant in terms of procedures and entities. It is a responsible investigation based on the actual situation of China’s barley industry and the need to maintain agricultural security and biodiversity.
It should be said that China has established an increasingly complete w88 remedy system in accordance with WTO rules, but it is very cautious when using this system. The Australian barley anti-dumping investigation launched at the end of 2018 was the first anti-dumping investigation and the first countervailing investigation ever launched by China against Australia. Currently, the COVID-19 epidemic is raging around the world. Under such circumstances, China has not launched any w88 remedy investigation against any trading partners this year.
We found that since 1995, Australia has launched a total of 65 anti-dumping investigations and 19 countervailing investigations against China; if some previous cases are included, a total of about 100 w88 remedy investigations have been launched against China. Currently, there are still 26 cases of investigation and ruling of w88 remedy measures against China being implemented, and 4 cases are in the process of investigation. Since this year, both China and Australia have been affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. They should have joined hands to deal with the common enemy of COVID-19. However, Australia has still been very "active" in launching three new investigations against Chinese products in the past few months. It also took the lead in launching a so-called independent investigation proposal clearly targeting China at the World Health Assembly. In this atmosphere, not only the affected Chinese manufacturers have complaints, but Chinese importers may also affect the import w88 of Australian products due to changes in consumer sentiment and preferences. According to WTO rules and relevant Chinese regulations, after the investigation agency obtains positive investigation results, it can decide not to impose anti-dumping duties or countervailing duties based on the needs of "public interest". However, when the economic and w88 relations between the two countries are damaged and the industry reacts strongly, the investigation agency has no basis and no way to decide not to impose taxes based on "public interest" considerations.
Perhaps it is precisely because of China’s cautious attitude towards w88 remedy investigations that some public opinion made a fuss over China’s first anti-dumping investigation against Australia, but are not surprised by Australia’s frequent w88 remedy investigations against China. However, if we take a closer look at Australia's 100 w88 remedy investigations against China, it does make us somewhat worried about whether the w88 between China and Australia is truly fair and mutually beneficial. Australia has maintained a long-term w88 surplus with China. In 2019, Australia's surplus with China reached US$73.25 billion. On the one hand, Australia exports a large amount of mineral products to China; on the other hand, it also continuously launches anti-dumping and countervailing investigations on the small portion of the steel and aluminum products produced by China using these mineral products that are exported to Australia, trying to keep them out. How can this kind of w88 develop sustainably and healthily in the long term? If these anti-dumping and countervailing measures can be carried out completely and fairly, the impact on relevant w88 may still be limited. However, in order to reduce the competitiveness of Chinese-made products, Australia continues to apply the unreasonable method of "special market conditions" and uses surrogate country data to calculate the dumping margin of Chinese companies. For Australia, China's "special market situation" is no longer special at all, but is universally applicable to all products, and this happens while continuing to have a huge surplus with China. If you think about it from another perspective, it should not be difficult for Australia to understand the complaints from the Chinese industry and w88 circles.
As we explained above, China’s anti-counterfeiting investigation into Australian barley was initiated at the end of 2018, and was extended and finalized at the end of 2019. The final ruling on May 18 was carefully made within the established time limit and based on the results of a year and a half of investigation. When initiating the investigation or making the decision to postpone the investigation, the Chinese investigative agencies could not have expected that there would be a new coronavirus epidemic, nor could they have expected that the World Health Assembly would be held on this day and that Australia would be quite active.
China and Australia are both located in the Asia-Pacific region and have strong economic complementarity. It is beneficial to both sides to continuously develop w88 relations and expand w88 space. China welcomes Australian products to enter China through fair competition, and also hopes that Chinese products can be treated fairly in Australia. As the global w88 pattern changes, for the sustainable and healthy development of w88 between the two sides, the governments and industries of both sides need to strengthen communication, adapt to possible changes in the situation, make full use of existing free w88 agreements, avoid doing things that harm others and disadvantage ourselves, and actively maintain and develop bilateral economic and w88 relations.
Professor Cui Fan, Dean of the Hainan Research Institute of the w88 casinopointed out in an interview with Phoenix TV: The Chinese market has long been impacted by the low price of Australian barley, so China’s w88 remedy measures (anti-dumping and countervailing measures against Australian products, referred to as “double countervailing”) are in line with China’s agricultural security interests. China has always had very low tariffs on imported barley. Australian barley has long occupied more than half of my country's domestic market at low prices, causing China's barley planting area to shrink and the industry to suffer serious losses.
Since 1995, Australia has launched hundreds of w88 investigations against China. China's "anti-dumping and anti-counterfeiting" investigation into Australian barley is legal and compliant: from procedures to substantive standards, it is conducted in accordance with WTO regulations. From the initial filing of the case, issuance of the filing notice, to the questionnaire survey, and the final information disclosure and announcement of the ruling (results), all are conducted in accordance with established procedures. China has always adopted a cautious and restrained attitude. The final ruling on May 18 was made prudently within the established time limit and based on the results of a year and a half investigation. China welcomes Australian products to enter China through fair competition, but for the sustainable and healthy development of w88 between the two sides, the governments and industries of both sides need to strengthen communication and actively maintain and develop bilateral economic and w88 relations.
With original text and video link:
(Phoenix TV) Mainland experts: China’s barley industry has been hit by low prices and suffered long-term losses
https://share.fengshows.com/article.html?id=6e359006-4c37-4689-9542-cd75ee976f14&time=1590455990859&_share_vapp_weixin&channelID=r03&from=singlemessage
"Daily Economic News": Talk about Australia's barley double-anticipation case
https://m.nbd.com.cn/articles/2020-05-25/1438453.html?from=timeline
