(Source: China Social Sciences Network-Chinese Social Sciences Journal 2024-11-28)
Tunisia is famous for its beautiful natural scenery、Famous for its rich historical and cultural heritage。Tunisia’s land is long and narrow from north to south，Same as Sicily、The Italian peninsula forms a maritime chain，Close the waist of the Mediterranean，Important strategic location，Like a "pearl" held up by the African continent facing the Mediterranean。The unique geographical location and historical origins give Tunisia its unique cultural and political features。Superimposed economic development needs，Tunisia and Africa and France、Italy and other European countries along the Mediterranean Sea are inextricably linked，“Shuttle and Travel” in Arabia、Africa、French-speaking countries and other different circles。Since modern times，Tunisia has become a place of competition for various ideological trends and movements。Where to go，Tunisia is still being explored。
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Tunisia has a long history，Phoenicia、Carthage、Rome、Arab and other civilizations gather here。According to the records of the famous Tunisian historian Ibn Khaldun，The word "Tunisia" in Arabic means the place where civilization flourished in North Africa，Symbolizes a prosperous life、Hospitable people。It can be seen from this，Tunisia has been prosperous since ancient times、A land full of energy。
Berbers are the indigenous people of Tunisia，As early as 5000 BC to 1200 BC，They have mastered the basic knowledge of growing crops。Late 9th BC to early 8th BC，The Phoenicians established the city of Carthage on the coast of the Gulf of Tunis。The city of Carthage matured in the 3rd century BC，Destroyed by Rome in the Punic War in 146 BC，Become part of the Roman province of Africa。5th-6th century w88 mobileAD，Vandals、The Byzantines successively occupied this area。The successive ancient empires left Tunisia with a large number of cultural relics，The ruins of Carthage are the most famous。The ruins left by the Romans are represented by the Colosseum of Djem，With distinctive Roman architectural features。
639 AD，Amr bin Assui led the Arab army via the Isthmus of Suez，March to Africa under the Byzantine Empire。647 AD，Caliph Osman ordered the conquest of Africa，The Arab army severely damaged the Byzantine army at Sbetra in southwest Tunisia。Afterwards，North Africa has begun a long and profound Islamization、Arabization process。670 AD，Arabs built the city of Kairouan in Tunisia，This city has become one of the iconic cities of Islamic civilization in North Africa。
Except for the conquering army under the Caliph，Shiism in Arabia、The Khawalijs also moved to North Africa，Established multiple local dynasties。The more famous medieval Islamic dynasty in Tunisia today is the Hafsid Dynasty (1228-1547)。Under the Hafsids，The vast majority of Tunisian residents have completed Arabization and Islamization。By the 15th century，Arabic becomes the language commonly used by local residents，Arab culture takes root in Tunisia，Islam has become the common belief of Tunisians。Entering modern times，Tunisia has experienced Ottoman Turkish and French colonial rule。1957，The Republic of Tunisia is established，Tunisia has begun the process of building an independent modern country。In the long river of history，The successive foreign civilizations collided in Tunisia, the fertile soil of North Africa、Change、Blending，Created Tunisia’s unique multicultural landscape and openness、Tolerant national characteristics。
Open and inclusive social environment
Tunisia is the most secular country among Arab countries，Social atmosphere is open and inclusive。Infiltration of various civilizations in history，is the underlying logic behind Tunisia’s above-mentioned characteristics。After Tunisia’s independence，Under the leadership of Habib Bourguiba，Started a groundbreaking secular transformation in the Arab Islamic world。In the field of education，Strictly distinguish the differences between religious education and secular education，Limit religion to the scope of personal beliefs，Controlled the tendency of religious politicization。In some aspects of Muslim taboos，Tunisia’s policy is also the most flexible and relaxed。
In terms of the status of women，Tunisia is at the forefront of the Arab world。The Personal Status w88 online casinoLaw passed in 1961 abolished polygamy，Specifies the voluntary principle of marriage and the minimum age for marriage。Tunisia is the first Arab country to grant female citizens the right to vote，Written "women can run for president" into the constitution。A series of measures to protect women’s rights have made the concept of “equality between men and women” deeply rooted in the hearts of the people。Among those with higher education，The proportion of women is about 66%。In scientific research，About 55% of Tunisian researchers are female，Much higher than the average level in Arab countries。These cases fully illustrate Tunisia’s respect and emphasis on women。
Tunisia’s open and inclusive social atmosphere is also closely related to its economic endowment。Long time，Tourism has always been Tunisia’s pillar industry and one of the main sources of foreign exchange。Northern Tunisia、The east is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea，The total coastline is 1,300 kilometers，Concentrated beach、Desert、Rich tourism resources such as mountains, forests and cultural monuments，Has 7 world cultural heritage sites。In recent years，Tunisia is innovating on the basis of traditional tourism projects，Developed customized special itineraries such as "cultural tourism", "ecological tourism", "medical tourism", "sports tourism" and "religious tourism"。Also，Tunisia also makes full use of its location advantages，Developing exhibition tourism products，A large number of intercontinental or regional conferences are held every year。
The long-lasting friendly cooperation between China and Tunisia
1958，China and Tunisia signed the first bilateral trade agreement。1964，Premier Zhou Enlai visits Tunisia，The two countries formally established diplomatic relations。History，The development of Sino-Turkish relations has not been smooth sailing，But with the joint efforts of both parties，China and Tunisia have gradually established mutual benefit and trust、Friendly relations of win-win cooperation。2024，On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Tunisia，Tunisia President Kais Saied visits China，Both parties agree to establish a strategic partnership。Overall，The cooperation between China and Tunisia shows the following three major characteristics。
First, cooperation in the fields of education and humanities has exemplary and radiating effects。From comprehensive national strength、Looking at the land area and population size，Tunisia is a typical "small country"，But compare Arab countries and African countries horizontally，w88 online casinoTunisia’s education level has outstanding advantages，China and Tunisia have good basic conditions for cooperation in the fields of education and humanities。Tunisia International Diplomatic Academy funded by China、Ben Arus Youth Culture and Sports Center and other projects，is a landmark achievement of the high-quality joint construction of the “Belt and Road” between China and Tunisia。Tunisia is the first Arab country to incorporate Chinese education into the secondary education system。Tunisian universities, represented by the University of Carthage in Tunisia, actively carry out Chinese education，Opened Chinese Department and Confucius Institute。
Second, the advantageous industries of both parties are complementary to a certain extent。current，There is considerable pressure on Tunisia’s economic development，Finding economic growth points is the core concern of the government。Analysis from the perspective of industrial advantages，Tunisia has good agricultural production conditions，Have a certain production base in the mechanical and electrical industry and textile industry。Agriculture，Tunisia’s cultivated land area is approximately 10 million hectares，The main agricultural product is olives、Citrus、Dates、Tomato、Cactus fruit, etc.。The main export destination of Tunisian agricultural products is France、Italy、Spain、Germany and African countries，The Chinese consumer market is relatively unfamiliar with Tunisian agricultural products。Therefore，Both parties are engaged in export trade of high-quality agricultural and animal husbandry products、Agricultural machinery promotion、Planting and processing、There is still room for development in aquaculture and other aspects。
Third, green development and digital transformation can open up new space for cooperation between the two parties。From the perspective of traditional industries，Except agriculture，Tunisia also has certain mineral resources，Its phosphate reserves are approximately 100 million tons，Ranked 17th in the world。In the mechanical and electrical industry and textile industry，Products include wires、cable、Auto parts、Ready-made clothing, etc.。In these industries，Currently Tunisia’s main partners are European companies。With President Kais Saied’s visit to China in 2024，Green development、Digital transformation has become a new keyword for Sino-Turkish cooperation。The advantages of Chinese enterprises in green development and digital technology fit Tunisia’s urgent desire to seek a breakthrough w88 slotpoint for economic growth。Tunisia’s excellent geographical location、Friendly social environment、Higher education quality，And in solar、Advantages in green energy such as wind energy，It is conducive to Chinese enterprises to explore new areas of cooperation in Tunisia。
(The author is a professor at the University of International Business and Economics、Director of Tunisia Research Center)
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