(Source: China Social Sciences Network-Chinese Social Sciences Journal 2024-11-28)
w88 casino is famous for its beautiful natural scenery and rich historical and cultural heritage. w88 casino's land is long and narrow from north to south, forming a maritime chain with Sicily and the Italian Peninsula, tightly locking the waist of the Mediterranean Sea. It has an important strategic position, just like a "pearl" lifted up by the African continent facing the Mediterranean Sea. The unique geographical location and historical origins give w88 casino its unique cultural and political features. Superimposed on the needs of economic development, w88 casino is inextricably linked with Africa and European countries along the Mediterranean such as France and Italy, and "shuttles" in different circles such as Arabia, Africa, and French-speaking countries. Since modern times, w88 casino has become a place of competition for various ideological trends and movements. Where to go, w88 casino is still exploring.
A place where many civilizations gather
w88 casino has a long history, with Phoenician, Carthage, Roman, Arab and other civilizations gathering here. According to the records of the famous Tunisian historian Ibn Khaldun, the word "w88 casino" in Arabic means a prosperous civilization in North Africa, symbolizing a prosperous life and hospitable people. It can be seen that w88 casino has been a prosperous and dynamic land since ancient times.
The Berbers are the indigenous inhabitants of w88 casino. As early as 5000 BC to 1200 BC, they have mastered the basic knowledge of growing crops. From the end of the 9th century BC to the beginning of the 8th century BC, the Phoenicians established the city of Carthage on the coast of the Gulf of Tunis. The city of Carthage developed and matured in the 3rd century BC. It was destroyed by Rome in the Punic War in 146 BC and became part of the Roman province of Africa. From the 5th to 6th centuries AD, the Vandals and Byzantines successively occupied this area. The successive ancient empires have left w88 casino with a large number of cultural relics, among which the ruins of Carthage are the most famous. The ruins left by the Romans are represented by the Colosseum in Djem, which has distinctive Roman architectural features.
In 639 AD, Amr bin Asui led the Arab army via the Isthmus of Suez and marched towards Africa under the rule of the Byzantine Empire. In 647 AD, Caliph Osman ordered the conquest of Africa, and the Arab army severely damaged the Byzantine army at Sbetra in southwest w88 casino. Since then, North Africa has embarked on a long and profound process of Islamization and Arabization. In 670 AD, the Arabs built the city of Kairouan in w88 casino, which became one of the iconic cities of Islamic civilization in North Africa.
In addition to the conquering armies under the Caliph, the Shiites and Khawalijs in Arabia also moved to North Africa and established multiple local dynasties. The more famous medieval Islamic dynasty in w88 casino today is the Hafsid Dynasty (1228-1547). Under the Hafsid dynasty, the vast majority of w88 casino's residents were Arabized and Islamized. By the 15th century, Arabic became the language commonly used by local residents, Arabic culture took root in w88 casino, and Islam became the common belief of Tunisians. In modern times, w88 casino has experienced Ottoman Turkish and French colonial rule. In 1957, the Republic of w88 casino was established, and w88 casino began the process of building an independent modern country. Over the course of history, successive foreign civilizations have collided, changed, and blended in w88 casino, the fertile soil of North Africa, creating w88 casino's unique multicultural landscape and open and inclusive national characteristics.
Open and inclusive social environment
w88 casino is the most secular country among Arab countries, with an open and inclusive social atmosphere. The infiltration of various civilizations in history is the underlying logic behind w88 casino’s above-mentioned characteristics. After w88 casino became independent, under the leadership of Habib Bourguiba, it embarked on a groundbreaking secular transformation in the Arab Islamic world. In the field of education, the differences between religious education and secular education are strictly distinguished, religion is limited to the category of personal beliefs, and the tendency of religious politicization is curbed. w88 casino also has the most flexible and relaxed policies regarding some Muslim taboos.
w88 casino is at the forefront of the Arab world when it comes to the status of women. The Personal Status Law passed in 1961 abolished polygamy and stipulated the principle of voluntary marriage and the minimum age for marriage. w88 casino was the first Arab country to grant female citizens the right to vote, writing "women can run for president" into its constitution. A series of measures to protect women's rights have made the concept of "equality between men and women" deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Among those receiving higher education, women account for approximately 66%. In terms of scientific research, female researchers in w88 casino account for about 55%, which is much higher than the average level in Arab countries. These cases fully illustrate the respect and attention paid to women in w88 casino.
w88 casino’s open and inclusive social atmosphere is also closely related to its economic endowment. Tourism has long been w88 casino's pillar industry and one of its main sources of foreign exchange. w88 casino is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea in the north and east, with a total coastline of 1,300 kilometers. It is rich in tourism resources such as beaches, deserts, mountains and cultural heritage sites, and has 7 world cultural heritage sites. In recent years, w88 casino has innovated on the basis of traditional tourism projects and developed customized characteristic routes such as "cultural tourism", "ecological tourism", "medical tourism", "sports tourism" and "religious tourism". In addition, w88 casino also makes full use of its location advantages to develop exhibition tourism products and holds a large number of intercontinental or regional conferences every year.
The long-lasting friendly cooperation between China and w88 casino
In 1958, China and Tunisia signed the first bilateral w88 agreement. In 1964, Premier Zhou Enlai visited Tunisia, and the two countries formally established diplomatic relations. Historically, the development of China-Turkey relations has not been smooth sailing, but with the joint efforts of both sides, China and Tunisia have gradually established a friendly relationship featuring mutual benefit, mutual trust, and win-win cooperation. In 2024, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Tunisia, Tunisian President Kais Saied visited China, and the two sides agreed to establish a strategic partnership. Overall, China-Turkistan cooperation shows the following three major characteristics.
First, cooperation in the fields of education and humanities has exemplary and radiating effects. w88 casino is a typical "small country" from the perspective of comprehensive national strength, land area and population size. However, when comparing Arab countries and African countries, w88 casino's educational level has outstanding advantages, and China-Tunissia cooperation in the fields of education and humanities has good basic conditions. Projects such as the International Diplomatic Academy of w88 casino and the Ben Arous Youth Culture and Sports Center built with China's assistance are landmark achievements of the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" between China and w88 casino. w88 casino is the first Arab country to incorporate Chinese education into its secondary education system. Tunisian universities, represented by the University of Carthage in w88 casino, actively carry out Chinese education and have opened Chinese departments and Confucius Institutes.
Second, the advantageous industries of both parties are complementary to a certain extent. Currently, there is considerable pressure on Tunisia's economic development, and finding economic growth points is the government's core concern. From the perspective of industrial advantages, Tunisia has good agricultural production conditions and a certain production base in the electromechanical and textile industries. In terms of agriculture, Tunisia has approximately 10 million hectares of cultivated land, and its main agricultural products are olives, citrus, dates, tomatoes, cactus fruits, etc. The main export destination countries of Tunisian agricultural products are France, Italy, Spain, Germany and African countries, but the Chinese consumer market is relatively unfamiliar with Tunisian agricultural products. Therefore, there is still room for development between the two parties in the export and w88 of high-quality agricultural and animal husbandry products, promotion of agricultural machinery, planting and processing, and aquaculture.
Third, green development and digital transformation can open up new space for cooperation between the two parties. From the perspective of traditional industries, in addition to agriculture, w88 casino also has certain mineral resources. Its phosphate reserves are approximately 100 million tons, ranking 17th in the world. In the electromechanical and textile industries, products include wires, cables, auto parts, ready-made garments, etc. In these industries, w88 casino's main partners are currently European companies. With President Kais Saied’s visit to China in 2024, green development and digital transformation have become new keywords for China-Turkmenistan cooperation. The advantages of Chinese enterprises in green development and digital technology fit w88 casino’s urgent desire to seek a breakthrough point for economic growth. w88 casino's superior geographical location, friendly social environment, high education quality, and advantages in green energy such as solar energy and wind energy are conducive to Chinese enterprises exploring new areas of cooperation in w88 casino.
(The author is a professor at the w88 casino and director of the Tunisia Research Center)
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