Trace of passing on the fire from generation to generation

——OnLiao ZhongpeiInheriting and carrying forward Liao Fujun’s academic tradition 

Lv Qiaoping

    《German Grammar》(Liao Fujun,1959，1979）^[1]is a classic work in the history of German language disciplines in my country.^[2]Today, some articles still refer to this book when discussing linguistic issues,^[3]The "German Grammar" cited by academic circles is not the first edition of the book in 1959, but its revised edition in 1979. As we all know, the editor of "German Grammar" is Liao Fujun (1895—1971），^[4]But few people understand this book1979The revised version of the year is not“Lao Liao”Liao Fujun, but someone else, namely“Xiao Liao”Liao Zhongpei (1925.10.15—1983.01.24）。^[5] 

     Liao Zhongpei is the philosophical heir of Mr. Liao Fujun. He is the first German translator of the Government Affairs Council of the People's Republic of China (the predecessor of the State Council) (Employed from 1950.02-1952.06), the first generation of Chinese-German simultaneous interpreters in my country. Liao Zhongpei is a veteran of the w88 casino (referred to as the University of Economics and Business) and one of the founders of the German Department of the w88 casino of Foreign Languages (1952.06-1983.01Employed)。

In the history of German education in my country, Liao Fujun and Shang Chengzu (1899-1975), Zhang William (1902-2004) and Feng Zhi (1905-1993),Liao Zhongpei, Zhu Yan (1926—2019) and Yan Baoyu (1923—2020)at1950Started his German education career in the early 1990s,^[6]They compare with Zhang Yushu (1934— 2019) and Yang Wuneng (1938—) is about ten years older and is an important Germanic scholar in our country.

This article takes Liao Zhongpei as the research object, describes his life, analyzes his academic achievements, and elucidates the historical significance of Liao Zhongpei’s research.

1. Life of Liao Zhongpei^[7]

     Liao Zhongpei’s life can be divided into four periods: 1. Shanghai Period (1925—1939); 2. Sichuan Period (1940—1946); 3. Studying period in Shanghai (1946—1950); 4. Working Period in Beijing (1950—1983）。

     Liao Zhongpei spent his childhood and adolescence in Shanghai (1925—1939）。1925Year10month15On 12937_12959|, Liao Zhongpei was born in Shanghai to Liao Fujun and Wei Linlili（Lilli Wehling, 1902—1976）^[8]'s youngest son, his two elder brothers both immigrated overseas, so Liao Zhongpei is the only child of Liao Fujun and his wife who stayed with him and inherited his father's legacy. Unlike most Germanic scholars in my country, Liao Zhongpei’s native language is German.1976Year7Month, Liao Zhongpei has been living in a German-speaking family environment.1933To1938, Liao Zhongpei studied at Shanghai Kaiser Wilhelm w88 casino（Kaiser-Wilhelm-Schule zu Shanghai），^[9]Mastered English, French, Russian and other languages. At that time, Chinese was not his main language. After the August 13th Songhu Battle in Shanghai,1938To193914653_14663

In the Sichuan period (1940—1946），Liao Zhongpei gradually integrated into Chinese society.1940At the beginning of the year, Liao Zhongpei was received by his father Liao Fujun from Lizhuang, Sichuan. After three years of tutoring Chinese,1943In the autumn of that year, he entered the high w88 casino attached to Tongji University as a freshman. This was the late stage of the Anti-Japanese War,1945Year1Month, Liao Zhongpei enlisted in the army,1946Year6In the month of 15378_15389|, he was demobilized from the army.

While studying in Shanghai (1946-1950), Liao ZhongpeiAbandoned medicine to pursue literature.1946In the autumn of that year, Liao Zhongpei returned to Shanghai and continued his senior year of high w88 casino at the High w88 casino Affiliated to Tongji University.1947In the autumn of that year, he was admitted to Tongji University Medical w88 casino and dropped out after a year.1948Year9In March, he was admitted to the German section of the College of Liberal Arts of Tongji University.1949At the end of the year, the German group was merged into the German group of Fudan University, and he studied at Fudan University instead.195016119_16159

While working in Beijing (1950-1983), Liao Zhongpei firstServed as German translator for the Government Affairs Council (1950.02-1952.06Employed);Then he taught German at the German Department of the University of Economics and Business (1952.06—1983.01Employed).

While working at the Government Affairs Council,From July to September 1951, as our country’s diplomat and concurrentlyGerman translation, Liao Zhongpei went to Berlin with the Chinese Youth Delegation to participate in the third session“World Youth Federation”, this was the only German experience in his life.

Liao Zhongpei works at University of Economics and Business recently31 years（1952-1983）。1952Year6In March, he was transferred to the Central Ministry of w88 Senior Commercial Cadre w88 casino(The predecessor of the University of Economics and Business), and from then on, he devoted his life to German education. He has experienced the initial establishment, development, closure and recovery of the University of Economics and Business.1953Year3In August, at the recommendation of Liao Zhongpei, Liao Fujun was also transferred to the University of Economics and Business. From then on, the Liaos and his son worked together at the University of Economics and Business. in1960s,Liao and his son co-edited and published "Basic German Textbook" (1960，1966）^[10], this textbook is one of the complete sets of German textbooks compiled by the Chinese before the Cultural Revolution.

Liao Zhongpei belongs to the first generation of German translators and simultaneous interpreters in New China.195418658_18717195018774_188081953The second Youth League Congress,1954Year“World Democratic Youth Alliance”Council,1956The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,1958China Export Commodity Fair,1959Celebration of the tenth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, etc. In addition,1957, "World Democratic Market" translated by Liao Zhongpei^[11]Published.

Liao Zhongpei experienced the interruption of German education in my country during the Cultural Revolution.196919967_199881970Year8In March, the University of Economics and Business was canceled on the spot.197120172_20184

197220446_204911972To1983, Liao Zhongpei served as the director of the German Department. He trained Wang Zhengfu and Chen Jianping^[12]and other outstanding students.197821078_21106^[13]'s review;197921554_21600Volume I)》(1979) and Basic German Textbook (No.IIVolume)》(1979).^[14]198022126_22146IIIVolume)》(1980).^[15]Enter1980In the 2000s, Liao Zhongpei served as a member of the German Textbook Editing and Review Committee for Higher Education Institutions under the Ministry of Education of my country;^[16]198223074_23102Late 1970s and early 1980sThis is the peak period of Liao Zhongpei's academic research. He has become one of the authorities in the German field in my country.

1983Year1month24On the day of 23537_23558|Mr. Liao Zhongpei became ill due to overwork and unfortunately died of illness.58Years old.

       2. Liao Zhongpei’s academic achievements

 Liao Zhongpei’s working time was in the early days of the founding of our country (1950—1965), Cultural Revolution period (1966—1976) and the early stage of reform and opening up (1977—1983), there is not much time for a scholar to focus on academic research. In this historical background, it is commendable that Liao Zhongpei persisted in academic research. He inherited and carried forward Liao Fujun's academic tradition and continued to study German grammar, German teaching methods and Chinese-German translation.^[17]

First, after four years (1975-1979) hardshipWith hard work, Liao Zhongpei completed the review of "German Grammar" (Liao Fujun,1959）ComprehensiveUpdated, published "German Grammar (Revised Edition)" (Liao Fujun,1979）. After comparing the two versions of "German Grammar", it can be confirmed that in addition to retaining the writing principles and style, Liao Zhongpei has modified, updated or added almost every grammatical explanation and example: 1. The literary examples in the original version have been replaced by current political examples^[18], which makes "German Grammar (Revised Edition)" (1979) has a sense of the times; 2. Liao Zhongpei adopted newGrammar terms, this is a new understanding of German grammar; in addition, example words and sentences, names of people and places, and German Chinese translations have also been updated; Liao Zhongpei replaced the original traditional Chinese characters and Mandarin Roman pronunciation with simplified Chinese characters and Chinese pinyin;^[19]3. Liao Zhongpei added a lot of content, including "Instructions for the Revision", "Concordance",“Infinitive sentences, participle sentences and sentence appositives”, in-text index, teaching or self-study instructions, and all the terms used in the book are compiled into the "Concordance"^[20], therefore, "German Grammar (Revised Edition)" (1979) is more in line with modern academic norms. After revision by Liao Zhongpei, "German Grammar (Revised Edition)" (1979）With a new look and contemporary style, suitable for1980sThe need for German language teaching is one of the reasons why the revised version is still in use today.

Secondly, Liao Zhongpei conducted research on German teaching methods. Based on multiple checks and an official written document^[21], this article confirms that Liao Zhongpei co-edited or edited the following German textbooks: 1. "Basic German Textbooks" (1960、1966）Co-edited by Liao and his son. 2. Liao Zhongpei revised and published "Basic German Textbook (No.IVolume)》(1979); 3. Liao Zhongpei edited "Basic German Textbook (No.IIVolume)" (1979) and "Basic German Textbook (Volume III)" (1980). More importantly, Liao Zhongpei developed Liao Fujun's teaching principles. He emphasized that German language teaching aims to cultivate students“Listening, speaking, reading, writing, translating”Five skills,^[22]He advocates using it in German teaching“Listening and Listening”^[23]. In "Basic German Textbook (No.IIVolume)》(1979）中, Liao Zhongpei published a table, namely "Comparison table of German letter pronunciation and International Phonetic Alphabet, English, Russian, and Chinese Pinyin (for reference only)"^[24], this is the result of Liao Zhongpei’s comparative phonetic research on four languages: English, Chinese, German and Russian. It can be seen that in the field of German teaching method research, compared to Liao Fujun, Liao Zhongpei has both inherited and developed.

Thirdly, in the field of translation, compared to Liao Fujun, Liao Zhongpei also inherited and transcended. Like Liao Fujun, Liao Zhongpei was extensively engaged in Chinese-German translation and interpretation. In particular, he performed simultaneous interpretation, which was rare in that era. Like Liao Fujun, Liao Zhongpei is an excellent interpreter and translator and engages in a large number of foreign w88 translations; unlike Liao Fujun, Liao Fujun has to deal with1949former German-owned enterprise documents, while Liao Zhongpei handled themBefore after 1949Related documents of East German companies.^[25]Liao Zhongpei published a German-Chinese translation, namely "World Democratic Market" (1957), this is the only work signed by Liao Zhongpei. in1970In the mid-to-late 1990s, his translation level was recognized by academic circles, and there are two signs:1, After Liao Fujun, Liao Zhongpei served as the reviewer of the translation of Marxist-Leninist works.1977Year11month3031327_313581978Year1month2Reply to:“The letter you wrote to my father on November 30th was forwarded to me. Due to recent busy teaching work and the finalization of some translations of the book "The Communist Manifesto" by the Marxist-Leninist Compilation Bureau, I apologize for not replying to you in time.”^[26]2, Liao Zhongpeiyu1982Elected as director of the first council of the Chinese Translators Association.

In short, from the 1950s to the 1980s, by revising "German Grammar", participating in or editing German textbooks, and performing Chinese-German translation and simultaneous interpretation, Liao Zhongpei inherited and carried forward Liao Fujun's academic tradition. He further updated his knowledge or understanding in terms of German grammar, German teaching methods, and Chinese-German translation, and made positive contributions to the development of German education in my country.

3. The disciplinary historical significance of Liao Zhongpei’s research

      As the first generation of simultaneous interpreters in New China and a German professor with a 31-year educational career, Liao Zhongpei’s academic journey is relatively unique. The historical significance of Liao Zhongpei’s research is self-evident. 

at1950To19In the 1970s, under the guidance of Liao Fujun, Liao Zhongpei conducted research on German teaching methods and German grammar by co-editing textbooks with Liao Fujun. This father-son collaboration laid the foundation for Liao Zhongpei's subsequent academic work; in 198 In the 1900s, Liao Zhongpei complied with the requirements of the times and comprehensively updated Liao's "German Grammar" and "Basic German Textbooks", and continued to write new textbooks to make the German textbooks more complete and play a positive role in the recovery and development of German education in my country after the Cultural Revolution. If you want to study the history of the German language discipline from the 1950s to the 1980s, then Liao Zhongpei is one of the research subjects that cannot be ignored.

     Liao Zhongpei’s academic experience is strikingly similar to that of his father: they both dropped out of college, are self-taught, are good at both oral and written translation, are good at Chinese-German translation, engage in German grammar research, develop local German teaching materials, conduct applied German talent education, and train young teachers. However, in terms of academic publishing, Liao Zhongpei had a different situation from his father: Mr. Liao Fujun has been famous for a long time, but Liao Zhongpei encountered the Cultural Revolution during his academic rise. In his academic maturity, he mainly published academic results in the name of Liao Fujun or in the name of a collective. Under this historical background, Liao Zhongpei finally inherited and carried forward Liao Fujun's academic tradition. The academic inheritance between Liao and his son is one of the special cases of academic inheritance in the history of German language disciplines.

      Because Liao Zhongpei is here1972Sufficient to take on important responsibilities, the German Department of the University of Economics and Business was able to be rebuilt and continue to develop. Today, the German Department of University of Economics and Business has become an important German education institution in my country.

It is precisely because of the legacy of German language scholars passed down from generation to generation that our country’s German education has continued to develop and grow.

      I hope this article can contribute to the research on the history of German education and the history of German subjects in my country.

(Special thanks to Liao Pei, Liao Fang, Liao Manpu, Wang Zhengfu and Chen Jianping!)

[Comment]

[1]Liao Fujun, editor: "German Grammar". Beijing: Commercial Press,1959Annual edition.1959No.1Print,1960No.2Print,1962No.3Print,1963No.4Print,1963No.5Print. Edited by Liao Fujun: "German Grammar (Revised Edition)". Beijing: Commercial Press.1979Annual edition.1979No.1Print,1984No.2Print,1985No.3Print,1986No.4Print,1987No.5Print,1989No.6Print,1991No.7Print,1993No.8Print,1995No.9Print,1997No.10Print,1999No.11Print.

[2]Lv Qiaoping: "On the disciplinary historical significance of Liao Fujun's research". In: "German Humanities Research",2015Year2Issue. No.32—37Page.

[3]Dong Xiuying: "Syntactic Realization and Related Translation of Hypothetical Function". In: "Lanzhou Academic Journal",2012Year6Issue. No.112—114Page; Lu Qiaoping,2015Year. No.35Page.

[4] Mr. Liao Fujun is an important scholar in the history of German language in my country and the founder of the German Department of the University of Economics and Business. He went to Germany to study in 1914 and studied at the Technical University of Berlin and the Technical University of Munich. and Berlin University, majoring in German literature and receiving a diploma. In 1922, Liao Fujun returned to China. He worked at Tongji University for 26 years (1927-1953) and at the University of Economics and Business for 18 years (1953-1971). See Lu Qiaoping, 2015.

[5]Liao Zhongpei: "Instructions for the Revision". load：Liao Fujun edited: "German Grammar",1979Year,1984Year2Print. No.1Page.

[6]Zhu Yanzi1951Yan Baoyu at Beijing Foreign Studies University, since then1952At Peking University; Liao Zhongpei since1952Started teaching German at the University of Economics and Business.

[7]w88 casino Archives: "Liao Zhongpei Archives" and "Liao Fujun Archives".2013Year9month24Japanese "Liao Fujun Research Symposium"; interviews with historical witnesses such as the Foreign Languages Editorial Office of the Commercial Press, Liao's descendants, and students. Lu Qiaoping:2015Year, No.33Page.

[8] Wei Linlili is a native of Berlin, Germany. She married Liao Fujun in Berlin in 1921. She came to China with Liao Fujun in 1922, and later became a Chinese national. She was a lecturer in the German Department of the University of Economics and Business. See Lu Qiaoping, 2015.

[9]w88 casino run by the German government, opening hours1895—1945Year.1895Year to celebrate Bismarck80w88 casino starts on birthday,1906Renamed in yearKaiser-Wilhelm-Schule，1945It was nationalized in 1999, and later continued as a German private w88 casino1951Around the year.

[10] Compiled by the German Teaching and Research Group of Beijing Institute of Foreign w88: "Basic German Textbook" No.IVolume. Beijing: Commercial Press,1960;Compiled by the German Teaching and Research Group of Beijing Institute of Foreign w88: "Basic German Textbook" No.IIVolume. Beijing: Commercial Press,1966。

[11] [Germany]Gong Teer·Kong Ermei (Kohlmey, Gunther), translated by Liao Zhongpei, Zhang Zaiyang, and Zhao Run, edited by Liao Fujun: "World Democratic Market". Beijing: Life·Reading·Xinzhi Sanlian Bookstore,1957。.

[12]Wang Zhengfu (1952—), University of Economics and Business197651458_515091952—), University of Economics and Business1976graduate, author of "German Social Market Economic System" and so on.

[13] [Germany]Marx(Marx, Karl), Engels(Engels, Friedrich)Author, translated by Cheng Fangwu: "The Communist Manifesto". Beijing: People's Publishing House,1978Year。

[14]Compiled by the German Teaching and Research Section of Beijing Institute of Foreign w88: "Basic German Textbook" No.IVolume (No.2edition). Beijing: Commercial Press,1979. Compiled by the German Teaching and Research Office of Beijing Institute of Foreign w88: "Basic German Textbook" No.IIVolume (No.Iedition). Beijing: Commercial Press,1979；

[15]Compiled by the German Teaching and Research Section of Beijing Institute of Foreign w88: "Basic German Textbook" No.IIIVolume (No.Iedition). Beijing: Commercial Press,1980。

[16]Liao Zhongpei and Zhu Yan were both members of the first term.

[17]For Liao Fujun’s academic achievements, see Lu Qiaoping:2015Year.

[18]See Liao Fujun,1959Year;1979Year.

[19]In 1959, my country's "Chinese Character Simplification Plan" and "Chinese Pinyin Plan" had not yet been fully applied. There were a large number of traditional Chinese characters in the 1959 edition of "German Grammar", and names of people and places were spelled out in Mandarin Roman pronunciation. In the 1979 edition of "German Grammar", Liao Zhongpei switched to simplified Chinese characters and Chinese Pinyin, which extended the application time of the revised version.

[20]See Liao Fujun,1959Year;1979Year.

[21]Comrade Liao Zhongpei Funeral Committee of w88 casino: "Obituary".1983Year12Month.

[22]Compiled by the German Teaching and Research Section of Beijing Institute of Foreign w88: "Basic German Textbook" No.IIVolume (No.Iedition). Beijing: Commercial Press,1979， No.IPage.

[23]See Qian Minru, Wei Maoping, Wei Yuqing, and Kong Deming: "The Program and Model of German Education in Contemporary China". In: Editors-in-chief: Qian Minru, Wei Maoping, Wei Yuqing, and Kong Deming: "Research Report on German Professional Education in Contemporary China". Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2007Year. No.1—100Page. here18、24Page.

[24]Compiled by the German Teaching and Research Section of Beijing Institute of Foreign w88: "Basic German Textbook" No.IIVolume(No.1version). Beijing: Commercial Press,1979Year. No.23—25Page.

[25]SeeLv Qiaoping,2015Year.

[26]Liao Zhongpei: "Liao Zhongpei Letter (January 2, 1978)". In: Lu Xun Research Office, Beijing Lu Xun Museum: "Lu Xun Research Materials(7)》. Tianjin: Tianjin People's Publishing House,1980Year. No.129—131Page. here130Page.

(The author is an associate professor at the w88 casino of Foreign Languages)