w88 casino News Network (provided by the w88 casino of Government)On July 3, 2024, "Chengdu Daily" reported the article "The Logical Main Line and Key Areas of China's Institutional Opening" by researcher Liu Bin, deputy dean of the w88 casino of Government. The full text is reproduced below:
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to steadily expand institutional opening up such as rules, regulations, management, and standards. At present, my country's opening-up is gradually shifting from an openness based on the flow of goods and factors to an institutional-based opening. The focus of institutional-based opening up is mainly reflected in the four aspects of rules, regulations, management, and standards. The opening up in the rules field mainly refers to the docking with international rules, especially high-level international economic and w88 rules; the opening up in the regulation field mainly refers to the regulatory coordination and consistency of laws and regulations between countries; management mainly refers to the government's administrative service efficiency to reflect the international advanced level; standards, mainly refers to the "introduction" and "going out" of industry and product standards.
Compared with the opening up based on the flow of goods and factors, institutional opening up is a higher level of opening up and is an important starting point for my country to achieve a high level of opening up to the outside world. As my country's institutional opening-up gradually touches the "deep water zone" of reform, the difficulty of opening up will gradually increase. While we are comprehensively coordinating and promoting institutional opening-up, various places in the country, including Chengdu, must also "adapt measures to local conditions" and look for "small incisions" where breakthroughs can be made first. Through the combination of macro strategic guidance and specific pilot practices, while ensuring the comprehensiveness of opening up, through "small incision" breakthroughs, we can discover problems, solve problems, accumulate experience, and ultimately achieve the overall goal of institutional opening up.
What is open?
From a historical perspective, the story of my country's opening up to the outside world is rich and exciting, but all stories basically revolve around three pairs of relationships and six clues: one is the relationship between industry opening and regional opening; the other is the relationship between opening up to residents and opening up to non-residents; the third is the relationship between border opening and post-border opening
From a historical perspective, the story of my country's opening up to the outside world is rich and exciting, but all stories basically revolve around three pairs of relationships and six clues: first, the relationship between industry opening and regional opening; second, the relationship between opening up to residents and opening up to non-residents; third, the relationship between border opening and post-border opening up. China’s institutional change path is a gradual opening up path. From the special economic zones more than 40 years ago, to joining the WTO more than 20 years ago, to today's free w88 pilot zones and free w88 ports, these basic relationships are being interpreted and continuously upgraded.
Since the reform and opening up, the basic law of China's economic opening-up is to constantly look for breakthroughs in the continuous convergence and integration of the six forms of opening-up among these three pairs of relationships, and to explore its development path. The basic experience drawn is: constantly decompose contradictions, start with the easier and then the harder, cross the river by feeling for the stones, break through the constraints of the system through top-level design, and use special policies to open up a path for the transformation of the economy from closed to open. We must not only summarize historical experience and explore general laws; we must also focus on the present and clarify the particularities of current opening-up.
Compared with the past, the focus of current reform and opening up has changed significantly. Since the reform and opening up, especially since joining the WTO and before the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's opening up has mainly focused on manufacturing and goods w88 in terms of industries, and "border" measures in terms of geographical ranges. However, as the opening up of manufacturing industry continues to deepen, the opening up of goods w88 has reached a high level. China has maintained its position as the world's largest exporter of goods for many consecutive years, with goods exports accounting for 14.2% of the world's total exports. China has established w88 relations with more than 200 countries and regions, forming a global w88 network.
The current overall tariff rate in China is only 7.3%, which is close to the level of developed countries. China’s weighted average tariff rate is 4.4%, even lower than some developed countries, and has exceeded its WTO commitments. The opening up of the manufacturing investment field has also reached a high level. The 2021 version of the "Special Management Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List)" has further shortened the length, improved the management system, and improved accuracy. The negative list of the Free w88 Pilot Zone has been further reduced to 27 items, and the manufacturing items in the Free w88 Zone Negative List have been completely cleared. This means that the manufacturing sector in the Pilot Free w88 Zone has been fully opened to foreign investment.
As the focus of China's opening-up gradually shifts from manufacturing to the service industry, the opening-up of geographical areas has also been adjusted accordingly. Since the opening up of the service industry is more about domestic regulations and policies, the focus of opening up will inevitably shift from "border" measures to "inside the border" measures. With the entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, my country's commitment to opening up w88 in services has reached a high level, but there is still a certain gap compared with international high-standard economic and w88 rules. Expanding the opening up of the service industry will help enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of service w88 and create new advantages for China to participate in international cooperation and competition.
In 2021, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the Fourth China International Import Expo that "China will further reduce the negative list for foreign investment access and expand the opening up of service industries such as telecommunications and medical care in an orderly manner." On the basis of the 2021 "Hainan Free w88 Port Special Management Measures for Cross-border Services w88 (Negative List) (2021 Edition)", the first national version of the cross-border services w88 negative list was officially announced in March 2024, involving 11 categories such as finance and construction. China's service industry has entered the "fast lane" for opening up.
Open to whom?
In the new era, we must correctly handle the relationship between "opening to the west" and "opening to the east". We must continue to consolidate w88 and investment relations with developing countries and maintain a good development trend. At the same time, we must stabilize the "basic" of w88 and investment in developed countries and make efforts in both "stabilizing the stock" and "expanding the volume"
Since the reform and opening up, our main trading partners are Europe and the United States. The EU and the United States have always been at the forefront of China's trading partners. In recent years, demand from major developed economies has weakened significantly. Coupled with the rising tide of anti-globalization, developing countries have gradually moved towards the "center" of the world economic stage. In 2023, developing countries will account for 45.92% of global GDP, demonstrating their important position in the world economy. Through sustained economic growth, regional cooperation and international participation, developing countries play a key role in global economic growth and structural transformation.
The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core assessed the situation and proposed the major initiative of jointly building the “Belt and Road”, which greatly accelerated China’s “opening to the west” process. Currently, China has gradually formed an "all-round opening pattern" that places equal emphasis on "opening to the east" and "opening to the west." At the same time, through industrial transfer and economic radiation, the eastern coastal areas drive the development of the central and western regions and achieve coordinated regional economic development.
The central and western regions promote balanced regional development and industrial upgrading by undertaking the transfer of industries from the eastern coastal areas. Through coordinated development among regions, the gap between regions has been narrowed and a more balanced development of society has been achieved. To the east, we will continue to deepen economic and w88 cooperation with East Asia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific, and to the west, we will strengthen economic ties with Central Asia, Europe and African countries through the "Belt and Road" initiative.
In the new era, we must correctly handle the relationship between "opening to the west" and "opening to the east". Opening up to the west plays an important role in narrowing the development gap between the east and west of my country and promoting coordinated regional development. Through development with Central and West Asian countries, opening up new markets will help enhance the resilience of domestic economic development; developing eastward and cooperating with developed economies will help introduce advanced technology and management experience, boost technological innovation and industrial upgrading, and enhance China's position in the global value chain. We must continue to consolidate w88 and investment relations with developing countries and maintain a good development trend. At the same time, we must stabilize the "basic" of w88 and investment in developed countries and make simultaneous efforts in both "stabilizing the stock" and "expanding the volume."
How to open?
We must not only encourage various open platforms to “dare to lead” and “be good at leading” in connecting with international high-standard economic and w88 rules, but we must also replicate and promote mature experience across the country in a timely manner. At the same time, based on the different economic development levels, resource endowments, industrial structures and other economic conditions of each region, we formulate and implement reform measures suitable for local realities to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of the policy
First of all, we must take the initiative to benchmark and compare rules that are relatively mature in the world and have been verified by practice, so as to "digest and absorb" them in a timely manner and "use them for our own use". In other words, we must draw on the "frame of reference" of the current international high-standard economic and w88 rules. In 2021, China officially applied to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Digital Economic Partnership Agreement (DEPA). This is an important measure for China to proactively align with international high-standard economic and w88 rules. CPTPP involves high-standard w88 rules. Issues such as intellectual property protection, environmental protection, and e-commerce represent the "future direction" of international economic and w88 rules. We urgently need to pay close attention to research and judgment and proactively improve the domestic laws and regulations system. DEPA is the world's first specialized agreement on digital w88. The 16 thematic modules in DEPA represent the "future direction" of digital economic and w88 rules. Issues such as cross-border data flow, digital w88 intellectual property protection, and digital w88 facilitation are crucial to China's participation in global digital w88 governance.
Second, we urgently need to launch a "China plan" for areas where China is at the forefront of the world. For example, in the field of cross-border e-commerce, China is not only a major cross-border e-commerce trading country, but also the "inventor" of many cross-border e-commerce rules and practices. In these areas, we must lead the negotiation of international economic and w88 rules in a timely manner. For example, China's cross-border e-commerce customs supervision model plays an important role in promoting cross-border e-commerce import and export w88. We urgently need to promote it to trading partner countries through multilateral, regional and bilateral negotiations to further unleash the potential of China's cross-border e-commerce development and the driving force for the development of world cross-border e-commerce.
Third, for "new areas" where unified international rules have not yet been formed around the world, we must dare to break through, dare to be the first to try, and seize the right to speak of international rules in new business areas in a timely manner. In recent years, emerging technologies such as the digital economy, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing have developed rapidly, and new business formats such as digital w88 have become the focus of competition over international economic and w88 rules. The current global digital w88 rules mainly include "American template", "European template", etc. Due to differences in interest demands, there are varying degrees of disagreement between my country's digital w88 development and the "American-style template" and the "European-style template" on issues such as cross-border data flow, data storage equipment and source code localization. We urgently need to formulate a "Chinese-style template" that conforms to China's interest demands and development concepts.
We must not only encourage various open platforms to “dare to lead” and “be good at leading” in connecting with international high-standard economic and w88 rules, but we must also replicate and promote mature experience across the country in a timely manner. For example, in terms of pilot trials, we will use free w88 zones and free w88 ports as carriers to pilot certain core issues in the latest economic and w88 agreements such as CPTPP and USMCA, and carry out more intensive exploration and stress testing in areas such as service w88, e-commerce, and financial services. In terms of replication and promotion, we must not only follow the principle of "mature one, promote one", but also pay attention to the promotion of policy integration experience. At the same time, based on the different economic development levels, resource endowments, industrial structures and other economic conditions of each region, reform measures suitable for local realities are formulated and implemented to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of the policy.
(Author: Researcher at the National Institute for Opening up to the Outside World, w88 casino, Vice President of the w88 casino of Government, Special Researcher at the Beijing Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era)
Attached original text link:https://www.cdrb.com.cn/epaper/cdrbpc/202407/03/c135171.html
