Summer National Conditions Survey by Experts and Scholars in the Social Science Field of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee
Written discussion by the Hunan research team
Editor's note: In order to implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions on philosophy and social science workers to get out of the ivory tower, conduct more field investigations and research, and write papers on the land of the motherland, the National Philosophy and Social Sciences Work Office of the Central Propaganda Department organized experts and scholars in the field of social sciences to visitIn August 2023, we went to Shandong Province and Hunan Province to carry out summer national conditions research activities with the theme of "Strive to Promote High-Quality Development". Among them, the Hunan research team is led by Gao Peiyong, former vice president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and members of the academic department, with expert members from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Peking University, Renmin University of China,w88 casino, Capital University of Economics and Business, Hunan Normal University, Hunan Academy of Social Sciences (Provincial Government Development Research Center) and the editorial department of this journal.
The Hunan Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government attach great importance to this research activity and make careful arrangements. With the strong support and help of relevant departments, the Hunan research team went to enterprises, fields, communities, schools, and parks to carry out high-density and down-to-earth research activities to gain an in-depth understanding of the experiences, problems, and challenges in promoting high-quality development in various fields in Hunan Province. In view of the unique perspectives and opinions of each expert, this journal, under the guidance of the National Office of Philosophy and Social Sciences, specially invites relevant experts to have written discussions on what they have seen, felt, and thought about Hunan's efforts to promote high-quality development, hoping to inspire and promote high-quality development in Hunan Province and other regions across the country.
Attachment: Original journal text
（Source: "w88 online casino Theory and w88 online casino Management" 2023Year11month28日）
The duality and high-level openness of the digital w88 online casino revolution
Sang Baichuan
(Dean of the Institute of International Economics, w88 casino)
In the land of Sanxiang, the digital economy is developing rapidly, forming a microcosm of the Chinese economy. Fiscal, taxation, and financial policies to support the development of the digital economy are being implemented at multiple points. Investment in digital infrastructure construction is accelerating. Digital technology innovation has become common practice. Digital industrialization and industrial digitization are coordinated. Digital empowers the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. New industries, new formats, and new models continue to emerge. Digital industry clusters lead regional w88 online casino growth. Making the digital economy stronger, better, and larger has become an important breakthrough for high-quality w88 online casino development. A digital w88 online casino revolution is booming.
Historical experience of the first and third industrial revolutions
Technological progress promotes the development of human society, and the concentrated outbreak of technological revolution gave birth to the industrial revolution. The three industrial revolutions experienced in human history have shown duality, which not only greatly improved w88 online casino efficiency and social productivity, but also fundamentally changed social production relations. The digital w88 online casino revolution will be no exception.
In the first industrial revolution, working machines powered by steam engines were widely used, creating modern factories under the machine industry, greatly improving production efficiency, and creating more wealth in just a few decades than the total wealth created in the previous history of mankind. At the same time, it also producesThe "sheep cannibalism" movement has completely eliminated the material basis for the existence of homesteaders and small-scale production. The waged workers' resistance to capital has become powerless, and they have changed from being formally subordinate to capital in the past to being essentially subordinate to capital. The capitalist government has also transformed from the past of suppressing workers' resistance as a platform for capitalists to regulating the relationship between capital and workers, stipulating workers' labor conditions, determining the length of working days, ensuring that wage workers attached to machine production lines are not prematurely exhausted by machines that operate 24 hours a day, so that capital can obtain sufficient usable labor force. The huge productivity created by large-scale machine industry requires raw materials to be obtained from all over the world, and the rapidly flowing goods need to find a broader sales market. Therefore, capital requires breaking down narrow national boundaries, opening up the world market, and turning various countries and nations into components of the world market. The conflicts of interests between countries and nations also unfold in new forms.
The second industrial revolution ushered in the electrical age. The electric power revolution gave new wings to the large machine industry. No matter power machines, transmission machines or machine tools, revolutionary changes have taken place. Not only has production efficiency improved dramatically, but also the production field has been greatly expanded. New products such as electric lights, telephones, telegraphs, railways, automobiles, airplanes, ocean-going ships, petroleum, and chemicals have emerged one after another. New industries have flourished, and human production methods and lifestyles have undergone profound changes. At the same time, a large number of new industrial giants were created. Industrial capital and bank capital merged to form the rule of a financial oligarchy, which controlled the lifeline of the social economy and ushered in the era of monopoly capitalism. The huge productivity flowing from the electric revolution has made the world market particularly important. The struggle of developed countries for market economy and world hegemony has become more intense, not only forming a world colonial system, but also forming a unified capitalist world market. In order to mediate domestic w88 online casino and social contradictions and eliminate the obstacles and damage caused by oligopoly to the development of productive forces, capitalist countries adopt government intervention measures. On the one hand, they fight against monopoly and increase the supply of public goods. On the other hand, they stimulate effective demand and seek a relative balance between total social supply and demand. In order to mediate contradictions in the world market, ensure that commodities created by huge productivity have a broad sales market, ensure that huge excess capital finds broad investment venues, seek to build a global w88 online casino governance system, and promote w88 online casino globalization.
The third industrial revolution is marked by the invention of electronic computers and the establishment of the Internet. Humanity has entered a new era. The development and application of the Internet breaks information asymmetry, saves transaction costs, optimizes resource allocation, and transforms the production, operation, management, and services of traditional industries, greatly improves production efficiency, and thus promotes rapid economic development. The Internet has penetrated into every corner of people's daily lives, the global village has become a reality, the space for human production and life has expanded rapidly, the time for economic exchanges has suddenly shortened, and globalization has opened a new milestone. Changes in production methods and lifestyles are directly reflected in the explosive expansion of the scale of global w88 in goods, w88 in services, international investment, international production, and international finance. International w88 networks and production networks have been established, and countries have achieved mutual benefit and win-win results in an open global w88 and production and operation network system. At the same time, the Internet divide has deepened, countries have developed unevenly, and the gap in domestic interest distribution has widened. Maintaining an open world economy has become the intersection of the interests of all countries; globalization and anti-globalization, openness and protection, have become new focuses of international economic contradictions.
2. Duality of the digital w88 online casino revolution
The world today is experiencing the fourth industrial revolution and the era of digital economy is coming. During the survey in Hunan, I deeply felt that the digital w88 online casino revolution is similar to previous industrial revolutions and is showing dual impacts, bringing about profound changes in social productivity and production methods.
Digital technology is widely used and has become a key force in reorganizing factor resources, reshaping economic structure, and changing the competitive landscape. Digital empowers various industries and production factors. Smart agriculture, smart manufacturing, and smart services have emerged. Increasing marginal returns have replaced diminishing marginal returns, and production efficiency has improved sharply. Digital payments have reduced the use of cash, and banknotes are likely to disappear. E-commerce has reduced information asymmetry between buyers and sellers and changed traditional w88 methods. Live streaming of goods has set off a new wealth creation movement; online ride-hailing has reduced the number of empty vehicles, and the platform economy has reduced transaction costs; online meetings have eliminated time and space distances, and ends of the world no longer constitute barriers; data has become a larger transaction object that transcends commodities, technology, and capital, and big data and computing power models have developed endless application scenarios. The digital economy is full of vitality, and a new round of industrial revolution is transforming the real world and promoting the rapid development of social productivity. Social production relations in the digital economy era are also undergoing profound changes, and the relations of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption have taken on a new look.
The application of digital technology and the development and innovation of digital application scenarios have caused changes in the production possibility boundary. The rate of change in the market position of producers has significantly accelerated, and the market competition pattern may change instantly. The efficiency improvements and huge productivity spurts brought about by digital technology have further aggravated the overcapacity of traditional industries.
The rapid change of digital technology can create industrial giants that are as rich as any country in an instant. The platform economy applies the "long tail theory" to the extreme, releasing huge economies of scale and amassing huge resources and wealth in a short period of time, exacerbating the social polarization between rich and poor. The development of smart manufacturing and smart services, with robots replacing human labor in large numbers, is accompanied by rising unemployment and the restructuring of w88 online casino interest distribution relationships among different classes.
E-commerce and live streaming are not only changing the traditional transaction methods, but also changing the exchange relationship. Competing on the electronic trading platform to see whose price is lower has severely squeezed the profits of manufacturers, reduced their income, and reduced their desire to invest. On the other hand, the main players in the market are companies that cannot provide the lowest-priced goods. Their sales have become more difficult, and they are facing the dilemma of being squeezed out of the market, so they have to reduce investment. Digital technology is changing people's consumption patterns. For example, the widespread use of online meetings and business negotiations means that communication can be achieved without the hassle of traveling. As a result, consumer expenditures such as transportation, hotels, and accommodations have decreased. The rise of online shopping platforms has meant that physical store business has been sluggish and transactions have shrunk. The development of electronic banking and financial platforms has meant that financial institutions such as physical banks have become redundant.
The rapid development of China’s digital economy has promoted the transformation and upgrading of the w88 online casino structure and moved towards the high end of the global value chain. Competition with developed countries in high-end manufacturing, high-end services and other fields has become increasingly fierce, changing the original world w88 online casino structure. The digital w88 online casino revolution requires achieving economies of scale in open cooperation in the global economy. However, in order to contain China's w88 online casino rise, the United States and the West have set off a countercurrent to globalization and sought to decouple from China in the high-tech field. International w88 online casino relations have not followed the path of win-win cooperation as required by the development of the digital economy.
3. The digital economy requires a high level of openness
The dual nature of the digital w88 online casino revolution shows that on the one hand, the digital economy has become the core driving force for the transformation and upgrading of the w88 online casino structure and constitutes an important breakthrough for my country's w88 online casino innovation and development; on the other hand, it is also accompanied by the pain of adjustment of the socio-w88 online casino structure and w88 online casino relations, requiring my country to promote a higher level of opening up to the outside world.
First of all, further promoting digital technology innovation and the development of the digital economy is inseparable from forcing reforms at a higher level of openness, opening up blockages in all aspects of production relations, creating a good institutional environment for the extensive absorption of global high-quality factors and innovative resources, improving the level of international w88 online casino and technological cooperation, faster improving independent innovation capabilities, breaking through stuck technologies, steadily improving my country's position in the global industrial chain and value chain, and seizing the initiative in international competition in the digital w88 online casino revolution.
Secondly, in response to the changes in production relations brought about by the digital w88 online casino revolution, it is necessary to learn from other countries' digital w88 online casino governance experiences at a high level of openness, improve the digital w88 online casino governance system, build a coordinated industrial development mechanism, find a new balance of interests in the transformation of the w88 online casino structure, reform the income distribution system, and form a social security system that is compatible with the development of the digital economy. The public can share digital w88 online casino dividends, improve electronic transactions and platform w88 online casino management regulations, and protect consumer interests.
Finally, to deal with the dilemma of declining investment and shrinking consumption in traditional industries in the digital economic revolution, we must seek opportunities to expand investment and w88 in the open global market, and maintain stable economic operation while integrating into the global industrial chain and supply chain. To realize the economies of scale brought about by the increasing marginal returns of the digital economy, we must expand the scale of market demand under the open world economic system, curb the countercurrent of globalization, and fully unleash the scale effects brought about by the digital economic revolution.
Attachment: Journal link
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7NbmQ3vhvU6nGV98lZNvjw
